For decades, collectors from all over the world have been plagued by various artifacts from the Second World War. Many of them create a whole state, but this does not make sense of the fact that it is the same, so is the proposal. What’s more – how much more money is given by the war, what is more and more important. This often leads to price increases, which is actually normal. And for the war. Everything is interesting for collectors.
Who, however, is the most expensive appetite from the greatest war to the moment?
“The Mercedes of the furer”, as it is known, is the most beautiful artifact from Second World War. The armored dark Mercedes Benz 770k with an open glove, which belonged to the Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, today is estimated at 10 million.
The German car was described by the Worldwide Austria as “the most significant car in the history of the car, proposed for the car.”
The car was used by Hitler during all sorts of important events. As after the victory over France in 1940. Or at the time of the visit of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in Germany, when the two were paradeing on the streets of Munich.
The production model of Mercedes – 770K, in fact, served only as a basis for the special limousine of Hitler. It is a convertible and had 40-millimeter branded glass and an 18-millimeter hardened steel cap. The car weighs almost 5 tons, has a capacity of 230 horsepower, and the fuel consumption reaches the incredible for the day 38 liters per 100 kilometers. The tank consumes as much as 300 liters of gasoline.
In the Second World War, the Americans confiscated Hitler’s car in France, but in the beginning they had no idea that it was.
After the war, the car became the property of a man from Belgium, after which it was sold to the United States. Since then, the price of the limousine does not allow it to fall, as over the years it has become the property of various private collectors and auction houses.
For the last time the car was offered for sale in 2018 at an official auction in Arizona, organized by Worldwide Auctioneer. Then anonymous collector offered $ 7 million for the car, but the auction did not agree with this offer for the car.
Moscow receives $ 17 billion in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in the new allocation made by the Fund last year
The managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Kristalina Georgieva, said on March 5th that she had talked with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and assured him of a quick response to Ukraine’s request for emergency funding, Reuters reported. “I have now spoken to President Zelensky and expressed my respect for his courage and leadership,” Georgieva tweeted.
“The IMF is committed to supporting Ukraine and its people. I assured Zelensky of a quick response to Ukraine’s request for emergency financial assistance from the IMF,” the Fund’s chief added. The US Treasury Department said earlier today that Washington was determined to take “all measures” to stop Russia from taking advantage of its IMF assets.
Moscow received $ 17 billion in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in the new distribution made by the Fund last year. However, in order to spend this money, Russia must find a partner country ready to exchange IMF assets into base currencies in the form of interest-bearing loans. The United States and its partners will not be involved in such transactions, said a spokesman for the US agency.
According to other Reuters sources, EU officials are also examining how Russia’s influence and access to IMF funding could be curtailed. One possible option is to completely remove the country from the institution that acts as a “lender of last resort”. However, some say this will be difficult, if not impossible. Other options are being explored, such as freezing voting rights and blocking Moscow’s access to the SDR.
“The response by Europe has been remarkable,” Filippo Grandi said in a statement on Tuesday, while urging other nations to step up.
He added that a European Union (EU) temporary protection directive, announced last Thursday, “offers the refugees security and options, a chance for stability during a time of great upheaval.”
Mr. Grandi, head of the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, spent five days in the region where he met with refugees, humanitarian workers, local responders and governments.
Though heartened by the European response, he remains deeply saddened for Ukraine and its people.
“At the borders I saw an exodus of people, mostly women and children, along with older refugees and people with disabilities. They arrived shocked and deeply impacted by the violence and their arduous journeys to safety. Families have been senselessly ripped apart. Tragically, unless the war is stopped, the same will be true for many more,” he said.
Ukrainians have been streaming into neighbouring countries since the start of the Russian invasion on 24 February.
‘Outpouring of spontaneous solidarity’
The majority, more than 1.2 million, have headed to Poland. Others have crossed into Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia and beyond.
His staff have been ramping up operations to meet ever increasing needs.
Mr. Grandi reported that UNHCR is supporting coordination of the humanitarian response. “Scores of experts and tens of millions of dollars of aid” have also been deployed to support governments with providing material and cash assistance, while protection teams have been reinforced to address the needs of women and children.
Share the responsibility
The UN refugee chief however called for the international community to step up to provide more support for refugees and host communities, particularly in Moldova. Some 250,000 people have found refuge there.
“All European states must continue to show generosity. Other countries, beyond Europe, also have an important role to play to help people in need and share the international responsibility for millions of refugees,” said Mr. Grandi.
While in the region, the UN refugee chief also raised concerns about discrimination and racism against some communities fleeing Ukraine. Authorities have assured him that they will not discriminate or turn away people escaping to safety.
Heavy fighting continues
Meanwhile, the situation inside Ukraine remains shocking, as people seek to shelter from the fighting in any way they can.
As of Monday, some 1,335 casualties were recorded, including 474 deaths, according to the UN human rights office, OHCHR, though real figures are believed to be considerably higher.
UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said on Tuesday that UN teams and open sources both reported heavy fighting in the east and northeast, including in and around Mariupol, Chuhuiv, Kharkiv, Izyum, Chernihiv, Sumy and Sievierodonetsk.
Extremely violent clashes were also reported in the north, on the outskirts of the capital Kyiv, including Bucha, Hostomel and Irpin.
“We welcome public communications by the two sides regarding their intention to facilitate safe passage for civilians out of conflict areas including Mariupol, Kharkiv and Sumy,” he told journalists.
Support inside Ukraine
Humanitarians are scaling up response in the east and west, as security allows.
UN partner the International Committee of the Red Cross has provided more than 200,000 medical items to mobile clinics, while Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has delivered roughly 120 cubic metres of medical supplies to the country.
Mr. Dujarric said focus in the west is primarily on supporting internally displaced people. UN migration agency IOM has so far delivered more than 18,000 high thermal blankets, while UNHCR has provided thermal blankets and mattresses for 6,000 people.
He added that humanitarians have established a common operations coordination centre in Rzeszow, Poland, for all organizations responding to the crisis in Ukraine and neighbouring countries.
Exploring the Zone/Philip Grossman – The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Complex.
Concern for Chernobyl staff
In its latest update, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) continues to express concern about the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, site of the devastating 1986 accident, and the “stressful situation” facing its staff who have been, in effect, confined there.
Roughly 210 technical personnel and guards on the site, have been working ever since the invading Russian forces took control of the facility almost two weeks ago.
IAEA chief Rafael Mariano Grossi said Ukrainian regulatory authorities informed the agency that it was becoming increasing urgent and important for staff to be rotated.
They have asked the IAEA “to lead the international support needed to prepare a plan for replacing the current personnel and for providing the facility with an effective rotation system.”
Mr. Grossi underlined that staff operating nuclear facilities must be able to rest and work in regular shifts.
He again expressed readiness to travel to the Chernobyl plant, or elsewhere, in efforts to help protect the country’s nuclear facilities.
16-year-old Isabel, a sixth form student from Worcester, has challenged themselves to walk 10,000 steps a day during March in support of the British Tinnitus Association (BTA), the charity that has helped her manage her tinnitus. Tinnitus – commonly referred to as ‘ringing in the ears’ is an often debilitating condition that affects around 11,000 adults in Worcester alone, and one in eight nationwide.
Isabel shared: “I have suffered from tinnitus since I was eight years old due to a severe ear infection. After getting tinnitus it made me feel really isolated and stressed as I didn’t know how to cope with it and I would be left constantly hearing a high pitch buzzing in my ears. It affected me in more ways than I thought it would. It started to prevent me from being able to understand what was being said as my tinnitus would be the only thing that I could hear.”
“After finding out about the British Tinnitus Association, I was able to find information and techniques to help me live with my tinnitus so I could hear it less. It also helped me feel happier because I was able to find information and connect with others my age who had tinnitus, letting me know I wasn’t alone and that other people my age also have tinnitus.”
British Tinnitus Association’s Fundraising Officer Jess Pollard commented: “Experiencing tinnitus at any age can be daunting but the way Isabel is dedicating time and energy to raise awareness and manage her tinnitus is inspirational.”
Press contact Nic Wray, Communications Manager nic@tinnitus.org.uk 0114 250 9933
Editors Notes
The British Tinnitus Association (BTA) is an independent charity that supports over one million people living with tinnitus each year, and advises medical professionals around the world. It is the primary source of support and information for people with tinnitus in the UK.
Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing noises in your ear or head when there is no external cause. The noise can have virtually any quality including ringing, buzzing, hissing and whistling.
Around 1 in 3 people will experience tinnitus at some point in their life. Over 7.1 million adults in the UK are living with persistent tinnitus, and for 10% of them, it can severely impact their quality of life, affecting sleep, mood, concentration, employment and relationships.
There is not currently a cure for tinnitus, however, there are several strategies that can be helpful in learning to manage the condition.
Tinnitus costs the NHS £750 million annually, with a cost to society of £2.7 billion per year.
British Tinnitus Association, Unit 5 Acorn Business Park, Woodseats Close, Sheffield S8 0TB
The British Tinnitus Association is a registered charity. Registered charity number 1011145.
Press release distributed by Pressat on behalf of British Tinnitus Association, on Wednesday 9 March, 2022. For more information subscribe and follow https://pressat.co.uk/
On International Women’s Day, Ukrainian author Oksana Zabuzhko addressed the European Parliament on the plight of her fellow citizens under attack by Russia.
Before Oksana Zabuzhko’s formal address in the Strasbourg hemicycle today at noon, EP President Metsola declared: ‘‘On this day, the word celebration is not really a word we could use. In Ukraine, we see women are resisting, standing up and taking up arms against their aggressor. It is a privilege to have with us a Ukrainian woman and writer whose literature and strong voice exhibits the strength of Ukrainian women in the face of oppression. These brave and resilient women serve as an inspiration to us all, as they defend the same European values that we hold.’’
Mrs Zabuzhko, who left Ukraine two weeks ago with only hand luggage, highlighted that she was used, in her writings, to giving a voice to women and to fighting for their rights, but for the first time now, she has to stand up for women’s rights to life itself. She added: ‘‘I cannot but admire my fellow women fighting alongside our men, managing the distribution of supplies across our besieged cities and giving birth in bomb shelters, supervised by doctors online. The problem is Putin’s bombs will not be stopped by the strength of our spirit.’’
Warning of Putin’s intentions, she said: ‘‘Many lives could have been saved if the EU and the US had woken up eight years ago when he invaded Crimea. A new Hitler was ready to pick up where the previous one had left off. I am here to tell you, as a writer who knows something about language, that it is already a war, not just a local conflict. Trust Putin when he states his ambitions. Please do not be afraid to protect the sky above those fighting there to free Europe from this spectre of new totalitarianism.’’
Reacting to her speech, political group representatives praised the courage of Ukrainians both defending their country and the EU values we share with them. They also stressed that, as often is the case in these circumstances, women and girls are among the most vulnerable groups. They praised Russian and Belarusian women who are courageously demonstrating on the streets against this war.
To watch the address and the political groups’ reactions again, click here.
Background
Oksana Zabuzhko was born in Lutsk (Ukraine) in 1960. Her novel ‘‘Fieldwork in Ukrainian Sex’’, translated into sixteen languages, made her well known on the international literary scene in 1996. She has published eighteen other books, including the award-winning novel ‘‘The Museum of Abandoned Secrets’’ (2009). She is also a leading public figure in Ukraine advocating for democracy.
WHO has released new guidelines on abortion care in a bid to protect the health of women and girls and help prevent over 25 million unsafe abortions that currently occur each year around the world.
Based on the latest scientific evidence, these consolidated guidelines bring together over 50 recommendations spanning clinical practice, health service delivery, and legal and policy interventions to support quality abortion care.
When carried out according to WHO guidelines, abortion is a simple and safe health intervention. The new guidelines will support access to comprehensive and quality abortion care within national health systems in the WHO European Region and globally.
New recommendations to improve access to high quality, person-centred services
When carried out using a method recommended by WHO, abortion is a safe procedure.
Tragically, however, only half of all abortions take place under such conditions, with unsafe abortions causing around 39 000 deaths globally. Most of these deaths are in lower-income countries – with over 60% in Africa and 30% in Asia – and among those living in the most vulnerable situations.
The new guidelines include recommendations on many simple interventions at the level of primary care that:
improve the quality of abortion care provided to women and girls;
include task-sharing by a wider range of health workers;
ensure access to medical abortion pills, which mean more women can obtain safe abortion services; and
ensure that accurate information on care is available to all those who need it.
For the first time, the guidelines also include recommendations for the use of telemedicine where appropriate, which has helped support access to abortion and family planning services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Removing unnecessary policy barriers facilitates access to safe abortion
Alongside the clinical and service delivery recommendations, the guidelines recommend removing medically unnecessary policy barriers to safe abortion, such as criminalization, mandatory waiting times, the requirement that approval must be given by other people (such as partners or family members) or institutions, and limits on when during pregnancy an abortion can take place.
Such barriers can lead to critical delays in accessing treatment and put women and girls at greater risk of unsafe abortion, stigmatization and health complications, while increasing disruptions to their education and ability to work.
Evidence shows that restricting access to abortions does not reduce the number of abortions that take place. In fact, restrictions are more likely to drive women and girls toward unsafe procedures. In countries where abortion is most restricted, only 1 in 4 abortions is safe, compared to nearly 9 in 10 in countries where the procedure is broadly legal.
Instead, studies in several European countries have shown that long-term national sexuality education programmes have led to a reduction in teenage pregnancies and abortions.
Following this launch, WHO/Europe will support interested countries to implement the new guidelines and strengthen national policies and programmes related to contraception, family planning and abortion services, helping them provide the highest standard of care for women and girls.
Updated guidelines
The WHO abortion care guidelines update the former edition, released in 2012, and consolidate existing and new recommendations.
An interactive online database containing comprehensive information on the abortion laws, policies, health standards and guidelines for all countries is available via the link below.
In a December deal which received little local attention, longtime Santa Barbara book and database publisher ABC-CLIO was acquired by London-based Bloomsbury Publishing. The $22.4M sale ended the family-owned company’s 65-year history (and 60 years in Santa Barbara) as an independent non-fiction publisher serving the library and school markets.
Bloomsbury — the original publisher of the Harry Potter franchise — is a respected trade and academic book and database publisher. A public company with a market capitalization of about $400M, Bloomsbury has made several acquisitions in recent years. In a press release announcing the deal, Bloomsbury CEO Nigel Newton commented: “We are delighted to welcome ABC-CLIO to Bloomsbury. ABC-CLIO is a long-standing and respected American publisher.”
In recent years ABC-CLIO has occupied a location on two floors at 147 Castilian Drive, although that office has largely stood empty for the last two years as staff worked from home during the pandemic. At its peak, the company had 100-120 staff in our area and more around the country and, for a time, offices in Colorado and Oxford, England. The company employed dozens of writers, editors, marketers, and support staff at its Riviera and then Goleta offices, many of whom got their first jobs as budding writers and editors, finding a rare opportunity to make a career on the back of their education in history and the humanities. The company long identified itself as a premier history publisher and, if you’re wondering, Clio is the Greek muse of history.
Why sell now? For company president Becky Snyder, it’s a bittersweet feeling: “As an education publisher, we have always been at the forefront of technology in terms of understanding how students go about their research and designing our products around that. This sale allows the products to stay in the forefront. For us to continue to lead and do what we wanted to do, we needed additional resources and tools.” For his part, Ron Boehm, son of the company’s founder, explained the sale similarly, as a chance to pass the publishing baton to a respected company that would “keep the business moving forward as a going concern with an entity that appreciated our staff and the value of the products and the opportunity to expand their utilization.”
THE FUTURE
What’s next for current ABC-CLIO staff? For the moment, Bloomsbury is digesting the purchase as the pre-sale ABC-CLIO staff remains in place. A spokesperson from Bloomsbury commented this week, “We want to carefully plan the integration of ABC-CLIO with Bloomsbury in the U.S. and the wider global Bloomsbury business, so it is very much business as usual. We do not plan on integrating ABC-CLIO until at least six months after the acquisition. Bloomsbury wants to use this time to understand the business, its strengths, and all the employees involved, and we want ABC-CLIO to get to know Bloomsbury.”
A HISTORY PUBLISHER’S HISTORY
Eric Boehm (1918-2017) founded the company with a compelling vision: creating and publishing abstracts (short summaries) of historical research, just as the sciences relied on abstracting publications to track research in their fields. Boehm’s other vision was that a war-torn world could be improved and brought together by a global community of like-minded scholars all collaborating on the same project of tracking worldwide historical research. As a refugee himself from Nazi Germany, Boehm knew the post-war stakes. His vision flourished, and contributions from scholars and researchers around the world poured into ABC-CLIO’s office for processing by a multilingual team of editors.
Later, the company added a line of reference books (mostly specialized encyclopedias) for the American library market and then a line of subscription databases for the school market. The focus remained history; database titles like American History, World History, and the African-American Experience are used today in many American schools.
Over the years, both the company’s book line and the subscription databases won prestigious awards in the publishing niche geared to reference materials for library patrons. In 2008, ABC-CLIO itself purchased reference and general-interest publishers Greenwood Press and Praeger, a move that overnight added tens of thousands of titles to its book list and several subscription databases. Now the company itself has been acquired, ending its long-time run as a local independent publisher.
The European Commission has today proposed an outline of a plan tomakeEurope independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030,starting with gas, in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
This plan also outlines a series of measures to respond to rising energy prices in Europe and to replenish gas stocks for next winter. Europe has been facing increased energy prices for several months, but now uncertainty on supply is exacerbating the problem. REPowerEU will seek to diversify gas supplies, speed up the roll-out of renewable gases and replace gas in heating and power generation. This can reduce EU demand for Russian gas by two thirds before the end of the year.
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said: “We must become independent from Russian oil, coal and gas. We simply cannot rely on a supplier who explicitly threatens us. We need to act now to mitigate the impact of rising energy prices, diversify our gas supply for next winter and accelerate the clean energy transition. The quicker we switch to renewables and hydrogen, combined with more energy efficiency, the quicker we will be truly independent and master our energy system. I will be discussing the Commission’s ideas with European leaders at Versailles later this week, and then working to swiftly implement them with my team.”
Executive Vice-President for the European Green Deal, Frans Timmermans said: “It is time we tackle our vulnerabilities and rapidly become more independent in our energy choices. Let’s dash into renewable energy at lightning speed. Renewables are a cheap, clean, and potentially endless source of energy and instead of funding the fossil fuel industry elsewhere, they create jobs here. Putin’s war in Ukraine demonstrates the urgency of accelerating our clean energy transition.”
Commissioner for Energy, Kadri Simson, said: “Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has aggravated the security of supply situation and driven energy prices to unprecedented levels. For the remaining weeks of this winter, Europe has sufficient amounts of gas, but we need to replenish our reserves urgently for next year. The Commission will therefore propose that by 1 October, gas storage in the EU has to be filled up to at least 90%. We have also outlined price regulation, state aid and tax measures to protect European households and businesses against the impact of the exceptionally high prices.”
Emergency measures on energy prices and gas storage
The Commission’s ‘Energy Prices Toolbox’ from last October has helped Member States to mitigate the impact of high prices on vulnerable consumers and it remains an important framework for national measures. Today the Commission is presenting Member States with additional guidance, confirming the possibility to regulate prices in exceptional circumstances, and setting out how Member States can redistribute revenue from high energy sector profits and emissions trading to consumers. EU State Aid rules also offer Member States options to provide short-term support to companies affected by high energy prices, and help reduce their exposure to energy price volatility in the medium to long term. Following a consultation on targeted amendments to the Emission Trading System State aid Guidelines, the Commission will also be consulting with Member States onthe needs for and scope of a new State aid Temporary Crisis Framework to grant aid to companies affected by the crisis, in particular those facing high energy costs.
The Commission intends to present by April a legislative proposal requiring underground gas storage across the EU to be filled up to at least 90% of its capacity by 1 October each year. The proposal would entail the monitoring and enforcement of filling levels and build in solidarity arrangements between Member States. The Commission continuesits investigation into the gas market in response to concerns about potential distortions of competition by operators, notably Gazprom.
To address the skyrocketing energy prices, the Commission will look into all possible options for emergency measures to limit the contagion effect of gas prices in electricity prices, such as temporary price limits. It will also assess options to optimise the electricity market design taking into account the final report of the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and other contributions on benefits and drawbacks of alternative pricing mechanisms to keep electricity affordable, without disrupting supply and further investment in the green transition.
REPowerEU – eliminating our dependence on Russian gas before 2030
Phasing out our dependence on fossil fuels from Russia can be done well before 2030. To do so, the Commission proposes to develop a REPowerEU plan that will increase the resilience of the EU-wide energy system based on two pillars: Diversifying gas supplies, via higher Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and pipelineimports from non-Russian suppliers, and larger volumes of biomethane and renewable hydrogen production and imports; and, reducing faster the use of fossil fuels in our homes, buildings, industry, and power system, by boosting energy efficiency, increasing renewables and electrification, and addressing infrastructure bottlenecks.
Full implementation of the Commission’s ‘Fit for 55′ proposals would already reduce our annual fossil gas consumption by 30%, equivalent to 100 billion cubic metres (bcm), by 2030. With the measures in the REPowerEU plan, we couldgradually remove at least 155 bcm of fossil gas use, which is equivalent to the volume imported from Russia in 2021. Nearly two thirds of that reduction can be achieved within a year, ending the EU’s overdependence on a single supplier. The Commission proposes to work with Member States to identify the most suitable projects to meet these objectives, building on the extensive work done already on national Recovery and Resilience Plans.
Sleep Cove, one of the world’s largest Health podcasts, is hosting a Ukraine charity special episode. All sponsorship money will be donated to charities with the episode content chosen by Ukrainians.
Christopher Fitton, the founder of Sleep Cove, the podcast that helps people sleep with hypnosis, meditations and stories, is producing a charity special episode for the people of Ukraine.
Christopher says, “Before I worked full-time in mental health, I contracted for a tech company that had many staff based in Ukraine, especially Kharkiv. My colleagues were fantastic people and upon seeing how the terrible invasion unfolded, I reached out to them, offering to do a charity special for a Ukrainian cause of their choice.
A Ukrainian fairy-tale called Kotyhoroshko (pea-roller in English) was chosen as the bedtime story for the episode. It’s a tale of how a boy defeats a dragon, which seems like a perfect analogy right now.
There will be a charity drive on the show for listeners to donate to charities helping Ukraine and its people.”
The episode goes live on 14th March. All episode sponsorship money from present and future advertisements will be donated to these causes:
About:
Christopher Fitton is an advocate for the therapeutic power of hypnotherapy and meditation. He hosts the successful health and wellness podcast Sleep Cove.
Sleep Cove is a podcast that helps listeners to get a great night’s sleep thanks to relaxing sleep hypnosis, guided sleep meditations and bedtime stories.
With over 50 million successful snoozes (listens) Sleep Cove is one of the largest Health and Wellness podcasts in the world.
Contact:
Christopher Fitton is available for questions and interview
Press release distributed by Pressat on behalf of Sleep Cove, on Wednesday 9 March, 2022. For more information subscribe and follow https://pressat.co.uk/
Previously affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine has further weakened the world economy.
World trade is facing unprecedented disruptions in energy and food commodities, metals, fertilisers and air freight. All over the world, the cost of living is rising.
Oil continues to soar, since 24 February it has risen by 30%, on Sunday the barrel was at 139 dollars, close to the record of 2008 when the barrel was traded at 147 dollars.
Oil continues to soar, since 24 February it has risen by 30%, on Sunday the barrel was at 139 dollars, close to the record of 2008 when the barrel was traded at 147 dollars. On the European markets, gas has again broken records to reach more than 300 euros per megawatt hour, an increase of 60%. Electricity followed this trend while the production costs of the electricity system remained broadly stable. (About 85% of these costs are fixed).
The invasion of Ukraine and the economic sanctions against Russia bring a risk of economic slowdown coupled with high inflation. The scarcity of available raw materials could create major disruptions in production chains, which would have a negative impact on growth and generate further price increases.
While the forecasts for 2022 were for slower growth and resilient inflation, the conflict in Ukraine is likely to amplify these economic trends.
Europe and Asia are more exposed than the US, with the EU being the most sensitive through the knock-on effect, given its dependence on oil and gas imports.
If the conflict persists, we will see a long-term crisis with sustained high prices, with consequences for all economic sectors that use oil, businesses, the agricultural sector, the chemical sector, plastics and transport.
Uncertainty with the collapse of the post-cold war geopolitical order and the risks of escalation is shaking the financial system with possible defaults in Russia and Ukraine and their possible contagion to other countries.
Since the beginning of the Russian offensive on Ukraine, the stock markets have been experiencing strong fluctuations. On Monday, the stock markets in Europe started the week in the red, on Tuesday they gradually recovered in the green.
