Since the previous update on 14 November 2025 and as of 12 December 2025 (data collection period), 26 818 Chikungunya virus disease (CHIKVD) cases have been detected, including 83 associated deaths, from 12 countries (data available until 30 November). Cases reported in November have decreased by 39.4% compared to October, when 44 295 were reported. Deaths have increased in November when compared to the previous month, when one death was reported.

New countries reporting cases 

Mexico has reported CHIKVD cases in November and for the first time in 2025. Ongoing CHIKVD outbreaks worldwide Currently, 14 countries have ongoing CHIKV outbreaks (time window of last 60 days). Of these, the majority are in the Americas and Asia. 

The Americas

Argentina: CHIKVD cases are reported through the year in the country. Most of the cases located in the Central, North-Eastern and Nort-Western departments of the country, while nearly no cases are reported in the Southern departments. During epidemiological weeks 31 to 48, the departments reporting the highest number of cases are Cordoba (Central), Salta (North-East), and Chaco (North-West). CHIKVD cases in Argentina have increased during the period October-November when compared to August-September 2025.

Barbados: The country continues to report sporadic cases of CHIKVD in 2025. The first cases were reported between January and March (six), while cases were later reported in September (three) and November (two), bringing the total number of CHIKVD cases in 2025 to 11. Case numbers reported in 2025 are similar to 2024. 

Bolivia: CHIKVD cases have been reported in six out of nine departments: Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, and Tarija. These departments are located in the eastern side of Bolivia, in the Andean region. Santa Cruz continues to be the most affected department, reporting most of CHIKVD cases in Bolivia, as well as all CHIKVD associated deaths. Guillain-Barre syndrome cases associated to CHIKVD have been reported in Bolivia. 

Brazil: CHIKVD cases continue to be reported in all regions (Centro-Oeste, Nordeste, Norte, Sudeste and Sul) and in most federal units of the country. The Centro-Oeste, Nordeste, and Sudeste regions account for the highest number of cases in the last four reported epidemiological weeks (45-48), where Mato Grosso Do Sul, Minas Gerais, and Sao Paulo are the most affected federal units. During the last three months (July-November), CHIKVD cases have continuously declined. Even though previous years’ trends (2023 and 2024) suggested CHIKVD cases would start increasing by November, reported CHIKVD cases in November 2025 suggest the opposite, where CHIKVD cases continue to be at similar levels as in August-September 2025. This year, most of the cases have been reported among females (60%), being the 20 to 29 years age group the most affected one. 

Colombia: CHIKVD cases are sporadically reported in Colombia. In 2025, 45 CHIKVD cases have been reported until 30 November, which is a decrease in the number of cases when compared with the same period from previous years (2022-2024). CHIKVD laboratory confirmed cases have been reported from Antioquia and Atlantico departments. 

Cuba: The current CHIKVD outbreak in Cuba continues affecting all 14 provinces of the island. The most affected provinces are Matanzas, La Habana, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Artemia, and Villa Clara. These provinces have accounted for most of the reported cases in Cuba in previous months. During November, the first CHIKVD associated deaths have been reported this year in the country.

El Salvador: CHIKVD cases have been sporadically reported in the country during 2025. In November 2025, seven new CHIKVD cases have been reported, bringing the total to 23. So far, no CHIKVD associated deaths have been reported in 2025. This is the lowest number of CHIKVD cases reported for the same period since 2021. 

Guatemala: CHIKVD cases have been sporadically reported in the country during 2025, reaching a total of 24 cases reported by November. This is a decrease of CHIKVD cases reported in the country when compared to the same period since 2021. 

Honduras: CHIKVD cases have been sporadically reported in the country during 2025, reaching a total of 12 cases reported by November. This is an increase of CHIKVD cases reported in the country when compared to to the same period since 2023. 

Mexico: Locally acquired CHIKVD cases have been sporadically reported in the country in 2025, reaching a total of six cases. Of these, two were reported in November from Chiapas and Quintana Roo States. In 2025, CHIKVD cases have been reported from Chiapas (1), Quintana Roo (4), and Yucatan (1). No deaths have been reported in 2025. In 2024, no CHIKVD cases were reported, while in 2023 two cases were reported from Bahia California Sur and Chiapas. 

Uruguay: CHIKVD cases have been sporadically reported in the country during 2025, reaching a total of eight cases reported by November. This is an increase of CHIKVD cases reported in the country when compared with 2024. CHIKVD cases notifications have decreased in the country since the national scale outbreak of 2023, which is considered the largest outbreak ever documented in the country mainly affecting Central, Asuncion, and Alto Parana departments. 

In 2025, there have been 291 066 CHIKVD disease cases and 201 associated deaths reported in the region. This is a decrease of 29.4% compared to the same period of the previous year. The most affected subcontinental region is South America, with Brazil reporting the highest number of cases in 2025.

Asia

China: CHIKVD cases continue to be reported in Guangdong province, following the first notified case in July 2025. Most of the cases are now reported from Shenzhen, Jiangmen, and Shantou cities. Weekly number of cases reported in Guangdong province show a decreasing trend (epidemiological weeks 45-48), reaching the lowest number of cases reported since the start of the outbreak. Outside of Guangdong province, CHIKVD cases have been also reported from the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong and Guangxi province. Initial cases have been associated with imported cases from Guangdong province. 

Pakistan: CHIKVD cases are reported throughout the year in Pakistan, concentrated in Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh provinces. These provinces are located in the Southwest of the country. Of these provinces, the highest number of CHIKVD cases is reported from Sindh, a province bordering with India. In November 2025, CHIKVD cases continued to be reported from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh provinces at lower levels when compared to previous four months (JulyOctober). 

Singapore: CHIKVD cases have been reported in the country since early August. Cases continued to be reported in September and October. No new CHIKVD cases were reported in November. The initial outbreak reported in August has been associated with travellers returning from Guangdong province, China. 

In 2025, there have been 136 747 CHIKVD cases and no associated deaths in the region. This is a decrease of 31.8% compared to the same period of the previous year. The most affected subcontinental region is Southeast Asia, with India reporting the highest number of cases in 2025.

Africa

In 2025, there have been 2 197 CHIKVD cases and no associated deaths in the region. This is an increase compared to the same period of the previous year. The most affected subcontinental region is East Africa, with Mauritius reporting the highest number of cases in 2025.

Europe

For CHIKVD cases reported in mainland EU/EEA, please refer to the dedicated ECDC webpage. CHIKVD cases have been reported from the French outermost regions of Réunion and Mayotte

Other countries reporting CHIKV disease cases in 2025 

Other countries have also reported CHIKVD cases in 2025; however no new cases have been notified in the last two months, these countries are: Comoros, Costa Rica, India, Kenya, Mauritius, Paraguay, Peru, Senegal, and Sri Lanka.

Global overview 

In 2025, there have been 485 908 CHIKVD cases and 229 associated deaths reported worldwide, including cases reported in the EU/EEA and outermost regions. Cases have increased when compared to the same period in 2024.

Artist’s impression of the flaring, windy supermassive black hole in spiral galaxy NGC 3783

The gigantic black hole lurks within NGC 3783, a beautiful spiral galaxy imaged recently by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Astronomers spotted a bright X-ray flare erupt from the black hole before swiftly fading away. As it faded, fast winds emerged, raging at one-fifth of the speed of light.

“We’ve not watched a black hole create winds this speedily before,” says lead researcher Liyi Gu at Space Research Organisation Netherlands (SRON). “For the first time, we’ve seen how a rapid burst of X-ray light from a black hole immediately triggers ultra-fast winds, with these winds forming in just a single day.”

Devouring material

To study NGC 3783 and its black hole, Gu and colleagues simultaneously used the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton and the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), a JAXA-led mission with ESA and NASA participation.

The black hole in question is as massive as 30 million Suns. As it feasts on nearby material, it powers an extremely bright and active region at the heart of the spiral galaxy. This region, known as an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), blazes in all kinds of light, and throws powerful jets and winds out into the cosmos.

“AGNs are really fascinating and intense regions, and key targets for both XMM-Newton and XRISM,” adds Matteo Guainazzi, ESA XRISM Project Scientist and co-author of the discovery.

“The winds around this black hole seem to have been created as the AGN’s tangled magnetic field suddenly ‘untwisted’ – similar to the flares that erupt from the Sun, but on a scale almost too big to imagine.”

A little less alien

The winds from the black hole resemble large solar eruptions of material known as coronal mass ejections, which form as the Sun hurls streams of superheated material into space. In this way, the study shows that supermassive black holes sometimes act like our own star, making these mysterious objects seem a little less alien.

In fact, a coronal mass ejection following an intense flare was spotted at the Sun as recently as 11 November, with the winds associated with this event thrown out at initial speeds of 1500 km per second.

“Windy AGNs also play a big role in how their host galaxies evolve over time, and how they form new stars,” adds Camille Diez, a team member and ESA Research Fellow.

“Because they’re so influential, knowing more about the magnetism of AGNs, and how they whip up winds such as these, is key to understanding the history of galaxies throughout the Universe.”

A joint discovery

XMM-Newton

XMM-Newton has been a pioneering explorer of the hot and extreme Universe for over 25 years, while XRISM has been working to answer key open questions about how matter and energy move through the cosmos since it launched in September 2023.

The two X-ray space telescopes worked together to uncover this unique event and understand the black hole’s flare and winds. XMM-Newton tracked the evolution of the initial flare with its Optical Monitor, and assessed the extent of the winds using its European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC). XRISM spotted the flare and winds using its Resolve instrument, also studying the winds’ speed, structure, and figuring out how they were launched into space.

“Their discovery stems from successful collaboration, something that’s a core part of all ESA missions,” says ESA XMM-Newton Project Scientist Erik Kuulkers.

XRISM spacecraft

“By zeroing in on an active supermassive black hole, the two telescopes have found something we’ve not seen before: rapid, ultra-fast, flare-triggered winds reminiscent of those that form at the Sun. Excitingly, this suggests that solar and high-energy physics may work in surprisingly familiar ways throughout the Universe.”

Source: European Space Agency