Before the two parties confirmed that a ceasefire was in place Thursday evening Thursday evening, the two parties exchanged fire, the residents of Tehran saying that they had experienced a heavy attack dam.

Before leaving Washington for a NATO summit in Europe, President Trump expressed his frustration in the face of violations of the Fragile Cee-Feu agreement, urging Iran and Israel to observe the truce.

In a social media position, UN chief António Guterres urged the two countries to fully respect the ceasefire.

“The fights must stop. The inhabitants of the two countries have already suffered too much, “he said, adding that it was his” sincere hope “that the cease-fire can extend to other parts of the region.

It is my sincere hope that this cease-fire can be reproduced in other conflicts in the region.

The IAEA chief underlines the need for a new solid nuclear agreement

Earlier, the chief of the nuclear guard dog supported by the UN urged Tehran to consider “resuming cooperation” with the international community to suppress any persistent hostility around his nuclear program. [the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)] is the key to a successful agreement, “said Managing Director Rafael Grossi.

In a short online article on X, Mr. Grossi added that he had proposed to meet the Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi to work together, ” Underline this step can lead to a diplomatic solution to longtime controversy»On the Iranian nuclear program.

Concern of Tehran prison

Meanwhile, the United Nations Human Rights Office, Ohchrinsisted that a notorious teheran prison known to have dissidents should not be a target, one day after an Israeli strike reported on the complex.

Ohchr spokesperson Thameen Al-Kheetan, the Evin prison was not a military objective, said to the media in Geneva.

“The target is a serious violation of international humanitarian law,” he said.

Ohchr has no specific details on what the alleged attack said Al-Kheetan, but there would have been fires inside the prison and a number of injuries.

Number of victims

On Tuesday, a victim chief updated from the Iranian authorities said that 610 people have been killed, including 49 women and 13 children since June 13. This number includes two pregnant women and an infant as well as 4,746 injured, including 185 women and 65 minors.

Seven hospitals, four health units and six emergency bases and nine ambulances were damaged, Iranian health authorities said.

Some 28 Israeli citizens have been killed by Iranian missile strikes to date.

Civilians must be protected

Political prisoners, including journalists, are detained in Evin prison, but whether they are detained “arbitrarily” or in relation to “crimes they have really committed”, the detainees must be protected, insisted Mr. Al-Kheetan.

According to the media on Tuesday, Iran said that he had transferred all prison prisoners after being struck by an Israeli strike, moving them to other prisons around the capital in order to repair damage.

A fragile ceasefire proposed by the United States seemed to settle briefly on Tuesday morning, before reports of new Iranian missile strikes in Israel, disputed by Tehran.

The conflict began with Israeli air attacks on June 13 and intensified during the weekend with American forces striking Iranian nuclear installations. Hundreds of civilians were said to have been killed during Israeli air strikes, while Iran’s reprisals have killed nearly 30 people in Israel.

Asked about the signs of a repression against the dissent of the Iranian authorities in the context of the Israeli and American military campaign against the country, the spokesperson for the OHCH stressed that it was “difficult to verify the information” from Iran, given the lack of access.

He confirmed that reports on Iranians “arrested for cyber and publishing content related to Israeli attacks against Iran, according to NGOs”.

Mr. Al-Kheetan also spoke of reports that nine men were executed in Iran since Israel attacked the country on June 13.

He called on the Iranian authorities to “completely respect the rights to freedom of expression and information, at any time”, insisting that journalists “must be able to do their work without any obstacle”.

Iranian citizens have arrested and accused of spying or collaboration with Israel “should have their full rights in terms of legal proceedings and a fair trial,” he said.

“If these arrests are arbitrary, these people must be released immediately and unconditionally,” he concluded.

Concerns of the Human Rights Council

On Monday, independent human rights experts reiterated their concerns concerning “the use by Iran of national security offenses, some of which are liable to Iran, some of which are liable to death”, in the context of recent executions reported on charges of espionage.

Last week, the deputy chief of the UN, Nada al-Nashif, told the Human Rights Council that at least 975 people were executed in Iran last year – the largest number of executions reported since 2015.

She also informed the Council on the use of torture in Iranian prisons and the continuous targeting of minorities, journalists and human rights defenders.

You can surely think that we can simply agree that a time zone can be used for “moon time”? Coordinated universal time (UTC), for example. How difficult can it be? Unfortunately, this does not work, for several reasons.

Here on earth, the chronometer is easy to take for granted: we divide our world into 24 time zones, based on the longitude and rotation of the planet, and can say the time based on the position of the sun in the sky.

But on the moon, the rules are different: a lunar “day” lasts about 29.5 days of the earth, and the equatorial regions of the moon can feel up to 14 days of continuous sun. On some of the highest mountains on the moon, nicknamed “Peaks of Eternal Light”, the sun never sets.

In addition to that, physicists and fans of science fiction will know that time is not the same on the moon as on earth. Place two perfectly synchronized clocks – one on earth and one on the moon – and, after a single day of the earth, the lunar clock would be ahead of around 56 microseconds. It may not seem much, but for navigation on spaceships, this small difference could be critical.

Unite efforts to standardize lunar time

For a moon time zone to work, budding lunar actors will have to agree on a current standard of time which is reliable, traceable in time based on earth and usable by everyone. Unoosa helps direct the charge to make it a reality.

In 2024, the United Nations International Committee for World Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) has established a dedicated working group to focus on the positioning, navigation and the lunar calendar, standardize the lunar time and trace it to the UTC that we use on earth, for the benefit of all future lunar missions.

Peace on earth, peace on the moon

The coordination of transparent timing on the Moon is part of a wider UN mission to ensure that lunar activities, whether public, private, scientific or commercial, are safe, peaceful and lasting. To this end, Unoosa summoned the first United Nations Conference on Sustainable Lunar Activities In June 2024, bringing together space agency heads, legal experts, astronauts, businesses and academics around the world to discuss common ground, share concerns and reaffirm the need for transparent and inclusive lunar governance mechanisms.

One of these mechanisms to continue international cooperation is the new Action team on the consultation of lunar activities (ATLAC), which is designed to help promote dialogue and formulate recommendations on how exploration and lunar activities can be coordinated internationally. Atlac will work to finalize his work plan for significant years to come and identify priority subjects – such as the coordinated lunar stopwatch – to ensure that lunar activities take place in a cooperative and orderly manner.

Humanity is entering a new era of lunar exploration with a record number of nations and space organizations which could reshape our relationship with our nearest celestial neighbors for future generations.

Member States will be able to work with UNOOSA to preserve the Moon as an area of ​​global cooperation, guided by the main principle of the Treaty of the space that “the exploration and use of space, including the Moon, will be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all countries”.

“This is the right time to take a look and see how much we are in a set of circumstances which, let us be honest, are difficult enough for multilateralism and for the UN,” explains Guy Ryder, general under-secretary for politics and the president of the UN80 working group.

Known as the UN80 Initiative, this process is not only seeking to improve efficiency, but also to reaffirm the value of multilateralism at a time when confidence is low and the needs are high. It aims to strengthen the UN capacity to meet the global challenges of today – ranging from conflicts, travel and inequalities to climatic shocks and rapid technological changes – while responding to external pressures such as reducing budgets and growing political divisions in multilateral space.

“We took out with a stronger and adjusted UN at the end, ready for the challenges that the future will undoubtedly bring us,” explains Mr. Ryder.

Three reform tracks

At the heart of the UN80 are three major components. The first focuses on improving internal efficiency and efficiency, reducing administrative formalities and optimization of the UN overall footprint by moving certain functions to service stations at a lower cost. Mr. Ryder notes that administrative procedures and heavy duplications are targeted.

“We want to see what we can do better. We want to look at the areas where we think we can improve efficiency and remove unnecessary bureaucratic processes, ”he explains.

The secondary work is an examination of the implementation of the mandate, which consists in examining nearly 4,000 mandate documents underlying the work of the UN Secretariat. A mandate refers to a task or responsibility awarded to the organization by the Member States, generally through resolutions adopted by UN bodies such as the General Assembly or the Security advice.

These mandates guide what the UN does – peacekeeping and humanitarian aid operations for human rights and environmental action. Over the decades, at least 40,000 mandates have accumulated, overlapping or sometimes overlapping, which is why examining them is a key element of the UN80 initiative.

“Let’s take a look at them,” says Ryder. “Let’s see where there can be duplication, where we can prioritize and deactivate, and find redundancies.”

But reviewing this mountain of mandates is not new. “We have already tried this exercise. We looked at these voluminous mandates in 2006. It didn’t work very well. ” Mr. Ryder reflects.

This time, however, the process is favored by a key factor. “This time, we have analytical data and capacities. We apply artificial intelligence techniques to provide much more organized information to the Member States – a more convincing case that could lead, I think, a productive process. ”

He stresses that the responsibility to decide what to keep, revise or interrupt is outright with the Member States.

“These terms belong to the Member States. They created them, and only they can assess them. We can examine the evidence, we can say that to the Member States, but ultimately they are the decision -makers on the mandates and on many other than the UN80 initiative brings. ”

The third flow explores whether the structural changes and the program’s realignment are necessary in the United Nations system. “Finally, we may want to look at the architecture of the United Nations system, which has become quite elaborate and complicated,” added Mr. Ryder. The proposals are also likely to get out of the examination of the implementation of the mandate.

A working group and an objective on a system scale

To combat reform in such a complex system, the secretary general established seven thematic clusters within the framework of the UN80 working group; Each coordinated by high leaders of the United Nations from all over the system. These cover peace and security, humanitarian action, development (United Nations Secretariat and System), human rights, training and research and specialized agencies.

“It is important to say that at a time when the system is under pressure, the system responds as a system,” notes the work chair UN80. “It’s not just New York, not just the secretariat. It is on a system scale. »»

Each cluster should produce proposals to improve coordination, reduce fragmentation and realign functions if necessary. Several clusters have already submitted initial ideas. A wider set of proposals will follow in July.

Reform, not on heating

The attention around the UN80 Initiative has largely focused on the proposed budget cuts and staff reductions, which raises fears that it is mainly an economy exercise. Mr. Ryder underlines that this view is missing the situation as a whole.

“Yes, we are faced with financial challenges. No need to avoid our eyes from that. But this is not a cost reduction exercise. We want to make the UN stronger, ”he says.

However, financial pressures through the system are undeniable. A revised program budget for 2026, due in September, should include significant reductions in financing and positions for secret entities – a consequence of persistent cash flow constraints linked to delayed and incomplete contributions from the Member States.

“The UN80 initiative wants to improve the impact and the effect of multilateralism and the UN,” said Ryder. “Now that does not mean – we want it to be otherwise – that we do not have to take a look at our budget and our resources in different parts of the system. »»

“The organizations had to face heartbreaking decisions, and this happens every day. This is the reality of our circumstances, ”he adds.

Mr. Ryder maintains that financial sustainability and the impact of the mission do not exclude each other – but must be prosecuted in tandem. “We must reconcile the two objectives to make ourselves financially sustainable in the difficult circumstances in which we are, but also to be attentive, as always, to the impact that we have to assume our responsibilities under the Charter,” he said.

Why the UN80 counts for people around the world

Rather than a simple bureaucratic reform, the UN80 ultimately concerns people, those who count on the support of the UN during the challenges of crisis, conflict or development.

“If the UN is able to transform itself, to make improvements, sometimes through difficult decisions, this can mean that these vital interventions reach the people we serve more effectively,” explains Ryder.

The UN remains the essential and unique terrain of its kind to advance peace, sustainable development and human rights for all.

“It is the United Nations who take care of their responsibilities to the people we serve,” said Ryder.

Currently, the UN is helping more than 130 million people displaced, provides food to more than 120 million, provides vaccines to almost half of the world and supports peacekeeping, human rights, elections and climate action around the world. The UN development work has helped build peaceful and stable companies.

What happens next

The UN80 working group will present its proposals to the Secretary General, who has already indicated the first areas where the results are expected. A working group on the efficiency of the United Nations Secretariat, led by the general subsectary Catherine Pollard, is expected to present initial proposals at the end of June. A report on examining the implementation of the mandate will follow at the end of July.

This work in the first two work parks will help to light a broader reflection concerning structural changes and the realignment of programs in the United Nations system. The proposals under the third work will be presented to the Member States in the coming months and next year.

Although the work is only to start, Mr. Ryder thinks that the UN has the right tools – and a clear feeling of ambition and emergency.

“We are progressing well. There are a lot of homework now, “he said. “Over the weeks, it will move more and more to the space of the Member States, and it is then that we will see results. »»

Finally, the Member States will have to decide how to act on the conclusions. “They will have to decide what they want to do. Will they set up an intergovernmental process? The secretary general has already mentioned it as a possibility. ”

Definition of success

So what does success look like?

“A United Nations system that is capable of delivering more effectively, to strengthen and consolidate confidence in multilateral action,” explains Ryder. “A system that can transmit to public opinion and political decision -makers in which it is an organization that deserves to be invested. It should be your favorite option when it comes to meeting the challenges of the future. ”

For the president of the UN80 working group, this comes back to the credibility, capacity and public confidence – and guarantee that the UN remains not only relevant, but essential.

“We all have to worry about it,” he says. “If we consider that multilateralism is the best instrument we have to meet global challenges, we must make sure that we renovate, we refresh and make this machine as effective and as capable of the objective as possible.”

THE Charter of the United Nations “Is more than parchment and ink; It is a promise – of peace, dignity and cooperation between nations, “said the secretary general.

Almost 80 years after his signature, Mr. Guterres stressed that the Charter was only the beginning, devoting ideas and principles that the world works to implement daily.

War

Following the Second World War, representatives of nearly 50 nations gathered in San Francisco to develop an organization engaged in the idea of ​​”never again” – a war of this magnitude devastating the world again.

Instead, the world would choose peace and diplomacy, equality and prosperity.

“For a world mired in endless cycles of conflict and human suffering, the charter and the principles it represented – dialogue, diplomacy, cooperation and solidarity – was a path to a better, more peaceful and prosperous future,” said the UN President of the General Assembly Phillémon Yang. The charter was signed on June 26, 1945, almost exactly 80 years ago. However, it only took effect on October 24, 1945 after the legislative legislative organizations ratified him.

The Charter, which is considered an international treaty, is a legal instrument which links all the Member States to the principles and the commitments taking place there.

Since its ratification, the Charter of the United Nations has paved the way for other historic international agreements, notably 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and 2024 Pact for the future.

“The decades that followed only proved the sustainable heritage of the charter. She has shaped decades of progress – international action guided decolonization, protected human rights and promoted justice and sustainable development, “said Mr. Yang.

‘A living miracle’

The exhibition contextualizes the Charter as a document from the past which continues to live in our present and will help shape the future.

“As we look to the future, we would be wise to remember our past, to celebrate our successes and to build our future on the Foundation of the Charter of the United Nations,” said Mr. Yang.

Mr. Guterres said that this exhibition is a moment for people to think about the artifacts of the UN Foundation – to see the photos, videos and documents that have shaped this world organization.

He recognized that if the world is confronted with new challenges such as climate change and technology, in addition to secular challenges, the Charter of the United Nations can be a guideline if the world is willing to carry the spirit of the Charter and its commitment to peace in the future.

“The UN is a living miracle – and the women and men of the United Nations give life to this miracle every day and everywhere,” said the secretary general.