Before the two parties confirmed that a ceasefire was in place Thursday evening Thursday evening, the two parties exchanged fire, the residents of Tehran saying that they had experienced a heavy attack dam.

Before leaving Washington for a NATO summit in Europe, President Trump expressed his frustration in the face of violations of the Fragile Cee-Feu agreement, urging Iran and Israel to observe the truce.

In a social media position, UN chief António Guterres urged the two countries to fully respect the ceasefire.

“The fights must stop. The inhabitants of the two countries have already suffered too much, “he said, adding that it was his” sincere hope “that the cease-fire can extend to other parts of the region.

It is my sincere hope that this cease-fire can be reproduced in other conflicts in the region.

The IAEA chief underlines the need for a new solid nuclear agreement

Earlier, the chief of the nuclear guard dog supported by the UN urged Tehran to consider “resuming cooperation” with the international community to suppress any persistent hostility around his nuclear program. [the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)] is the key to a successful agreement, “said Managing Director Rafael Grossi.

In a short online article on X, Mr. Grossi added that he had proposed to meet the Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi to work together, ” Underline this step can lead to a diplomatic solution to longtime controversy»On the Iranian nuclear program.

Concern of Tehran prison

Meanwhile, the United Nations Human Rights Office, Ohchrinsisted that a notorious teheran prison known to have dissidents should not be a target, one day after an Israeli strike reported on the complex.

Ohchr spokesperson Thameen Al-Kheetan, the Evin prison was not a military objective, said to the media in Geneva.

“The target is a serious violation of international humanitarian law,” he said.

Ohchr has no specific details on what the alleged attack said Al-Kheetan, but there would have been fires inside the prison and a number of injuries.

Number of victims

On Tuesday, a victim chief updated from the Iranian authorities said that 610 people have been killed, including 49 women and 13 children since June 13. This number includes two pregnant women and an infant as well as 4,746 injured, including 185 women and 65 minors.

Seven hospitals, four health units and six emergency bases and nine ambulances were damaged, Iranian health authorities said.

Some 28 Israeli citizens have been killed by Iranian missile strikes to date.

Civilians must be protected

Political prisoners, including journalists, are detained in Evin prison, but whether they are detained “arbitrarily” or in relation to “crimes they have really committed”, the detainees must be protected, insisted Mr. Al-Kheetan.

According to the media on Tuesday, Iran said that he had transferred all prison prisoners after being struck by an Israeli strike, moving them to other prisons around the capital in order to repair damage.

A fragile ceasefire proposed by the United States seemed to settle briefly on Tuesday morning, before reports of new Iranian missile strikes in Israel, disputed by Tehran.

The conflict began with Israeli air attacks on June 13 and intensified during the weekend with American forces striking Iranian nuclear installations. Hundreds of civilians were said to have been killed during Israeli air strikes, while Iran’s reprisals have killed nearly 30 people in Israel.

Asked about the signs of a repression against the dissent of the Iranian authorities in the context of the Israeli and American military campaign against the country, the spokesperson for the OHCH stressed that it was “difficult to verify the information” from Iran, given the lack of access.

He confirmed that reports on Iranians “arrested for cyber and publishing content related to Israeli attacks against Iran, according to NGOs”.

Mr. Al-Kheetan also spoke of reports that nine men were executed in Iran since Israel attacked the country on June 13.

He called on the Iranian authorities to “completely respect the rights to freedom of expression and information, at any time”, insisting that journalists “must be able to do their work without any obstacle”.

Iranian citizens have arrested and accused of spying or collaboration with Israel “should have their full rights in terms of legal proceedings and a fair trial,” he said.

“If these arrests are arbitrary, these people must be released immediately and unconditionally,” he concluded.

Concerns of the Human Rights Council

On Monday, independent human rights experts reiterated their concerns concerning “the use by Iran of national security offenses, some of which are liable to Iran, some of which are liable to death”, in the context of recent executions reported on charges of espionage.

Last week, the deputy chief of the UN, Nada al-Nashif, told the Human Rights Council that at least 975 people were executed in Iran last year – the largest number of executions reported since 2015.

She also informed the Council on the use of torture in Iranian prisons and the continuous targeting of minorities, journalists and human rights defenders.

You can surely think that we can simply agree that a time zone can be used for “moon time”? Coordinated universal time (UTC), for example. How difficult can it be? Unfortunately, this does not work, for several reasons.

Here on earth, the chronometer is easy to take for granted: we divide our world into 24 time zones, based on the longitude and rotation of the planet, and can say the time based on the position of the sun in the sky.

But on the moon, the rules are different: a lunar “day” lasts about 29.5 days of the earth, and the equatorial regions of the moon can feel up to 14 days of continuous sun. On some of the highest mountains on the moon, nicknamed “Peaks of Eternal Light”, the sun never sets.

In addition to that, physicists and fans of science fiction will know that time is not the same on the moon as on earth. Place two perfectly synchronized clocks – one on earth and one on the moon – and, after a single day of the earth, the lunar clock would be ahead of around 56 microseconds. It may not seem much, but for navigation on spaceships, this small difference could be critical.

Unite efforts to standardize lunar time

For a moon time zone to work, budding lunar actors will have to agree on a current standard of time which is reliable, traceable in time based on earth and usable by everyone. Unoosa helps direct the charge to make it a reality.

In 2024, the United Nations International Committee for World Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) has established a dedicated working group to focus on the positioning, navigation and the lunar calendar, standardize the lunar time and trace it to the UTC that we use on earth, for the benefit of all future lunar missions.

Peace on earth, peace on the moon

The coordination of transparent timing on the Moon is part of a wider UN mission to ensure that lunar activities, whether public, private, scientific or commercial, are safe, peaceful and lasting. To this end, Unoosa summoned the first United Nations Conference on Sustainable Lunar Activities In June 2024, bringing together space agency heads, legal experts, astronauts, businesses and academics around the world to discuss common ground, share concerns and reaffirm the need for transparent and inclusive lunar governance mechanisms.

One of these mechanisms to continue international cooperation is the new Action team on the consultation of lunar activities (ATLAC), which is designed to help promote dialogue and formulate recommendations on how exploration and lunar activities can be coordinated internationally. Atlac will work to finalize his work plan for significant years to come and identify priority subjects – such as the coordinated lunar stopwatch – to ensure that lunar activities take place in a cooperative and orderly manner.

Humanity is entering a new era of lunar exploration with a record number of nations and space organizations which could reshape our relationship with our nearest celestial neighbors for future generations.

Member States will be able to work with UNOOSA to preserve the Moon as an area of ​​global cooperation, guided by the main principle of the Treaty of the space that “the exploration and use of space, including the Moon, will be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all countries”.