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Europe delivers all cold valve boxes for the ITER neutral beam cryopumps

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Europe delivers all cold valve boxes for the ITER neutral beam cryopumps

Fusion for Energy (F4E) and its supply chain have delivered on yet another contract for ITER. The arrival onsite of the three cold valve boxes for neutral beam heating marked the last major milestone of a Procurement Arrangement signed in 2017. As part of it, F4E has worked with several companies to design and manufacture equipment to dispatch cryogenic fluids around the machine.

The main clients of the refrigeration network are the cryopumps. These powerful ‘vacuum cleaners’ will use ultra-cool charcoal panels to trap gas particles. Eight of them will serve ITER’s vacuum vessel and cryostat, whilst three others will work for the neutral beam injectors, ensuring the heating beams travel in immaculate conditions. Each pump will be paired with a cold valve box (CVB), that will supply them with precise doses of helium across a wide temperature range, from -269 °C up to 210 °C.

F4E worked with Research Instruments (RI) to produce the CVBs (plus one warm regeneration box). The German company, in collaboration with subcontractors Cryoworld and Velan, delivered eight units for the torus and cryostat cryopumps in 2023. After that success, F4E entrusted them with three more for the neutral beam cryopumps.

Building on the design and the experience of the previous batch, production moved swiftly for the new CVBs. Their assembly is an intricate jigsaw of pipes, sensors and dozens of special valves inside a container of 3 m in height and around 2 m in diameter. The components went through several tests, checking for leaks, pressure or valve functionality. The positive result earned them a one-way ticket to Cadarache, home of the ITER project in France.

“We are happy to have finished manufacturing and testing of the cold valve boxes, which are even larger and more complex than the eight we delivered two years ago. We thank our partner Cryoworld for their excellent support and F4E for their valuable collaboration. Such success is only possible when all parties are committed to the highest quality and trustful cooperation,” says Michael Pekeler, Managing Director at RI. “This delivery is the culmination of a collaborative journey between F4E, ITER Organization and the supplier. RI has proven to be an engaged and reliable partner, proactive in solving engineering challenges,” celebrates Lluís Mora, F4E Project Manager.

One of the cold valve boxes at the workshop of Research Instruments in Germany. ©RI

Earlier this month, F4E completed the delivery of the cryodistribution control system. The electronics were manufactured by Framatome, while GTD developed the software and designed the first-of-a-kind cabinets. Together, they will allow to orchestrate the entire cold circuit. Experts will use the system to operate the valves inside the CVBs and regulate the flow of cryogenic fluids. They will also monitor parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate.

With only auxiliary equipment left, F4E’s Fuel Cycle team is very close to wrapping up this ITER Procurement Arrangement. “We’re very proud to meet the ambitious schedule set eight years ago. In doing so, we have strengthened Europe’s industrial capability in complex vacuum and cryogenic components,” concludes Josep Benet, F4E Programme Manager. In parallel, F4E’s team is working to launch the tender for the production of the neutral beam cryopumps, after the recent installation and commissioning of the prototype in MITICA.

The three Neutral Beam cold valve boxes delivered by F4E. Behind them are the other units for torus and cryostat cryopumps. ©F4E
The three Neutral Beam cold valve boxes delivered by F4E. Behind them are the other units for torus and cryostat cryopumps. ©F4E

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Millions in Asia migrate out of necessity as jobs and services fall short

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Millions in Asia migrate out of necessity as jobs and services fall short

The office said people across the region are migrating “not by choice, but out of necessity,” driven by the systemic deprivation of economic, social and cultural rights at home. Poverty, unemployment, weak public services and climate stress are eroding livelihoods and leaving millions with few alternatives but to leave.

Migration should be a choice, not a necessity born of desperation,said Cynthia Veliko, head of the OHCHR Regional Office for South-East Asia.

“When people do not see a future for themselves at home – because their rights, such as decent work, adequate education and healthcare, are not available to them – they can be forced into unsafe migration and exploitation, often at great personal cost to themselves and their families.”

Migration trends

In 2024, more than 72 million international migrants originated from the region, a nearly 13 per cent increase from 2020. Almost a quarter of all international migrants worldwide now come from the region.

Youth and women are particularly affected by unemployment, low wages and gender-based discrimination, while climate change is increasingly disrupting agriculture and informal work.

Rising food and electricity prices and depreciating local currencies are placing a heavier burden on poorer households, which already spend more than half their income on food. Without reliable education, healthcare and stable work, families are increasingly turning to migration as a survival strategy.

The consequences are increasingly deadly. At least 2,514 migrants died across Asia in 2024, the highest toll ever recorded for the region and a 59 per cent increase from the previous year, according to UN migration data.

Workers install electrical cables in South Luzon, Philippines.

A sense of ‘futurelessness’

A central finding is a growing sense of “futurelessness” across parts of the region, where people no longer believe they can secure a dignified life at home.

“These are not merely individual aspirations. Education, healthcare, decent work, and a healthy environment are human rights – duties that States must uphold to ensure dignity and equality for all,” Ms. Veliko said.

“Governments should build inclusive societies through sustained investment in public services and ensure fair and equitable access to resources.”

Hidden costs of remittances

OHCHR also highlighted the hidden costs of remittances, which are vital to many families and national economies but often mask deeper social damage.

For poorer households, money sent from abroad is frequently used to meet basic needs such as food, utilities and emergency healthcare, leaving little for education or long-term stability. Children grow up separated from parents, elderly relatives lose care and communities lose working-age adults.

Behind every migrant is a story of sacrifice, resilience and hope,” Ms. Veliko said. “Too often, their journeys are reduced to economic decisions, obscuring the deeper struggle for dignity for themselves and for the loved ones they leave behind.”

Recommendations

The UN human rights office urged governments in countries of origin to prioritize public investment in health, education, job creation and environmental protection, while reducing inequality through inclusive economic policies.

It also calls on destination countries to expand safe and regular migration pathways and on international financial institutions to align debt and fiscal policies with States’ human rights obligations.

The office said people will always move, but with adequate rights and opportunities at home, migration should become a genuine choice – not an act of last resort.

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Italy Launches “Michelangelo Dome” to Shield Against Hypersonic Weapons and Drone Swarms

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Leonardo, Italy’s aerospace giant, rolled out designs for the Michelangelo Dome on Thursday—a sophisticated air defense network that

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Mass displacement, trafficking fears deepen crisis in Sudan’s El Fasher

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Mass displacement, trafficking fears deepen crisis in Sudan’s El Fasher

UN agencies say conditions are deteriorating further across North Darfur and neighbouring Kordofan, while independent human rights experts on Thursday warned that the collapse of protection following the city’s fall has sharply increased the risks facing women and children.

The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) seized control of El Fasher – the capital of Sudan’s North Darfur state – on 26 October after an 18-month siege that cut residents off from food, medicine and other critical supplies. The city had been the government’s last major stronghold in the Darfur region.

According to the UN World Food Programme (WFP), families who fled the fighting are now scattered across five locations surrounding El Fasher, including Tawila, while others have reached more distant areas such as Dabbah in Northern State and even the national capital, Khartoum.

Currently, 1,485 metric tons of food and nutrition supplies – enough for about 130,000 people – are en route to Tawila through the Dabbah Crossing, adding to ongoing assistance for those displaced earlier this year.

Renewed fighting in Kordofan

Meanwhile, renewed fighting in the Kordofan region is driving further large-scale displacement.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that more than 1,800 people were displaced in South Kordofan on Tuesday alone, while in North Kordofan nearly 40,000 people were uprooted between 25 October and 18 November.

Sudan’s war erupted in April 2023 following a power struggle between the RSF and the national Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). It quickly devolved into one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, marked by famine, mass displacement and widespread atrocities.

Trafficking concerns

Against this backdrop, independent human rights experts expressed alarm on Thursday at reports of trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation and sexual slavery, and the recruitment of children as fighters, particularly since the RSF takeover of El Fasher.

“We are deeply concerned at the alarming reports of human trafficking since the takeover of El Fasher and surrounding areas by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF),” the experts said.

Women and girls have been abducted in RSF-controlled areas, and women, unaccompanied and separated children are at elevated risk of sexual violence and sexual exploitation.

Since the siege of El Fasher began in May 2024, more than 470,000 people have been displaced multiple times from camps including Shagra, Zamzam and Abu Shouk. Across Sudan, nearly 12 million people – about half of them children – are now forcibly displaced or have fled to neighbouring countries, with sexual violence reported in conflict zones nationwide.

The experts – who are mandated and appointed by the Geneva-based Human Rights Council and are not UN staff – cited multiple incidents of rape and sexual abuse near RSF checkpoints and at sites sheltering displaced people, including the reported gang-rape of 25 women near El Fasher University.

They urged all parties to immediately halt violations against civilians and called on Member States to take urgent action following the Human Rights Council’s recent special session on the situation in and around El Fasher.

UN envoy to press for dialogue

Meanwhile, the UN Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra, is preparing to travel to Port Sudan and Addis Ababa next week to press for renewed political dialogue. He is expected to focus on the urgent need for civilian protection and unhindered humanitarian access across Darfur and Kordofan.

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“A language that everyone understands”: a Jordanian cartoonist speaks of art as hope

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Based in the Jordanian capital, Abdallat has spent years using art to spark conversations about human rights, tolerance and social change. Thanks to his Free pen initiative, he runs workshops with young people, particularly in communities affected by displacement, helping them express their experiences and hopes through drawing.

Collaborations with UNESCO to counter hate speech, to win the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Social Entrepreneurship Summit Price in 2021, Abdallat is dedicated to supporting youth engagement in civic life.

Omar Abdallat takes a selfie with the participants of one of his cartoon workshops.

UN News spoke with Abdallat about his journey into cartooning, the role of art in crisis situations, and why he believes even the smallest drawing can spark a global conversation.

This interview has been edited for clarity and brevity.

UN News: What first attracted you to caricature? And what does this mean for you?

Omar Abdallat: I started drawing as a child, copying cartoon characters from TV and comic books, but it was at university that I realized it could be something more.

I started drawing my teachers, then I started sharing my drawings online on Arab cartoonist sites. It was great for people to see my work, react to it and get feedback.

Eventually, it became my job – but more than that, it became a lifestyle.

Cartoons make me think of the people around me, of my society. I sometimes say that drawing is my religion because I believe it makes me a better human being.

UN News: When did you first realize that your cartoons could reach people far beyond your own community?

Omar Abdallat: I studied cartoons on my own and what I learned from other artists was the importance of simplicity. So I try to draw complex problems as if I were drawing them for children.

When I started sharing my work on Facebook, that’s when it clicked: people from all over the world were responding and reacting. That’s when I realized that cartoons are a language that everyone understands.

UN Info: Could you tell us about one of your specific works?

Omar Abdallat: For example, one of my most recent works is inspired by classic paintings depicting leaders from Europe and other parts of the world.

The scene depicts the wolf, like a sovereign, celebrating its domination over the enclosure and the sheep, while one of the sheep seems fascinated by the wolf’s charisma.

In countries where there is no real transfer of power, the very notion of homeland is distorted. Leadership is reduced to domination and loyalty is transformed from a collective principle into blind obedience.

UN News: This is a very striking image that really reflects your activism, which you have developed both through your caricatures and your initiatives. You have worked in many different settings, from public spaces to refugee communities and international forums. In which spaces do you find the most meaningful to work?

Omar Abdallat: I find my work with children and young people particularly meaningful – particularly those who are going through difficulties. It’s like we’re not just drawing, but empowering them through cartoons, to help them believe in their own stories again.

It’s very meaningful to offer them this safe space where they can talk about themselves, draw and gain confidence.

I always start by telling them the history of cartoons – where it came from, what it means. Then I teach them to draw step by step. Once they have the basics, we start talking about deeper things like their rights, the environment, how they imagine the future.

My dream is to make this a global movement, to bring cartoons to every child who might need them, especially in places like Gaza, where being a child can be so difficult.

UN News: Do they ever surprise you with their views?

Omar Abdallat: Some children are very talented. Through their cartoons, you will be able to better understand their culture, their background and sometimes their issues.

They talk about racism, poverty and hate speech. In return, I do my best to improve their understanding of these topics.

UN News: Do you see the cartoons as a kind of healing?

Omar Abdallat: I believe in cartoons as a lifestyle. It’s the air we breathe. This is how we understand things.

When the Charlie Hebdo tragedy occurred ten years ago, I remember thinking: We need a humanitarian version of this spirit – a platform that unites rather than divides.

This idea became the seed of something I am still working on today: a “Cartoon Lab” – a network of academies where children and adults can safely express themselves through art.

UN News: As you explained, caricatures can address sensitive subjects. Have you ever encountered difficulties or resistance in your work?

Omar Abdallat: Challenge is my middle name! I used to hide it, but now I say it out loud. Some of them are due to the Middle Eastern environment, others to technology.

In the Middle East, you may fear for your life and that of your children. It’s not easy to be a designer here in general.

UN News: How do you keep your hope alive?

Omar Abdallat: One of the things I learned from my late father, who was a doctor, was that he never let any patient go until they were fighting for their life. This is our duty in life, to help the people around us become better.

I want people who see my work to be themselves and give their best to the world, to put aside their differences and believe in our common humanity.

When night falls, the sun always rises. Every winter has a spring. It’s part of nature. You just have to hold the time to see it.

Originally published at Almouwatin.com

Access to aid and operation of hospitals remain limited in Gaza

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Briefing journalists Wednesday in New York, UN spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said Hostilities in parts of the Gaza Strip continue to cause casualties and repeatedly disrupt humanitarian operations.

On Tuesday, the UN and its partners coordinated eight planned humanitarian movements inside Gaza with Israeli authorities. Of these, only one movement was facilitated, while the other seven were hindered, refused or canceled.

Despite the difficulties, UN teams managed to recover more than 200 pallets of medicine and five tanker trucks of fuel at the Kerem Shalom/Kerem Abu Salem border post. Additional tents were also collected at the Kissufim crossing.

“Every delivery to Gaza makes a significant difference,” Mr. Dujarric said.

The health system barely works

The spokesperson stressed that Gaza’s health system remains in a state of extreme fragility.

“Not a single hospital in Gaza is fully functional,” he said, noting that only 18 of the Strip’s 36 hospitals are currently partially operational.

On Monday, teams from the UN World Health Organization (WHO) facilitated the medical evacuation of 33 Palestinians requiring intensive care, as well as more than 100 accompanying people. However, the scale of unmet medical needs remains overwhelming.

“There are still more than 16,500 patients who need to receive medical care outside Gaza,” Dujarric said.

WHO continues to call for safe access to all evacuation routes, particularly to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and to expedite medical evacuation convoys at crossing points.

Maintain education

Meanwhile, UN agencies continue their efforts to maintain essential civilian services. The United Nations agency helping Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) maintains learning activities for displaced children across Gaza.

As of Sunday, UNRWA was operating nearly 350 temporary learning spaces in 64 shelters, providing in-person education to more than 47,000 boys and girls.

Humanitarians also continue to provide other essential support.

Call for unfettered access

Mr Dujarric said the United Nations and its partners were ready to scale up operations if restrictions were eased.

“We are once again calling for unhindered humanitarian access so that teams can reach everyone they need,” he said.

“We and our partners can do much more as soon as restrictions on essential items and humanitarian groups are lifted. »

Originally published at Almouwatin.com

A turning point: putting global industry on a fairer, greener path to economic growth

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The world is inexorably industrializing, increasing prospects for better jobs and livelihoods for many of the planet’s poorest. But to truly benefit the world’s population and the planet as a whole, international trade and industry must go hand in hand with healthier communities, reduced emissions and cleaner air.

In the past this has not always been the case, but the United Nations Industrial Organization UNIDO) is committed to achieving this. “We know the challenges and the problems, but we are here to offer solutions,” says Manuel Mattiat, UNIDO Chief of Staff. “Everything is possible with the knowledge we have, the technologies available and the money available. »

Investing in countries of the South

Manuel Mattiat, Chief of Staff of UNIDO

Mr Mattiat spoke to UN News on the last day of the UNIDO meeting Global Industry Summitwhich covered a wide range of issues related to industrial development in the Global South, from youth entrepreneurship to empowering women entrepreneurs (full UN News coverage here).

With the UN facing unprecedented scrutiny, the Riyadh conference showcases the expertise and knowledge that the world’s largest multilateral organization has to offer investors and businesses, as well as a series of concrete solutions aimed at lifting the world’s most vulnerable people out of poverty.

“We are here to build bridges,” explains Mr. Mattiat. Many developed and industrialized countries, rich in resources and development, are ready to invest, but they have not yet found the right entry points. This is exactly the purpose of our presence here in Riyadh: to mobilize investments in favor of the least developed countries.

Put people first

On Thursday, representatives of UNIDO Member States, from the developed to the developing world, adopted the Riyadh Declaration, which calls for closer cooperation between governments, businesses and civil society to ensure that industrialization leads to greener economies, equitable opportunities and better livelihoods.

Focusing on youth and women, the Declaration aims to expand access to skills and employment and highlights the importance of innovation and digital transformation, ensuring that developing countries can benefit from new technologies and compete in global markets.

The adoption of the Declaration is seen as a turning point in global industrial policy, providing a framework for governments and international partners to mobilize resources and deliver tangible benefits to communities around the world.

Originally published at Almouwatin.com

Ukraine’s children enter fourth school year under invasion as 4.6 million face education barriers

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Ukraine’s children enter fourth school year under invasion as 4.6 million face education barriers

Since Russian forces invaded Ukraine in 2022, children have continued to bear the brunt of the crisis – unable to attend school regularly, learn safely or experience a sense of normalcy.

Air raid alarms disrupt classes. Many schools, especially in frontline areas, remain closed because of hostilities or the lack of adequate shelters, forcing almost one million children to study online, according to the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

In 2025 alone, more than 340 educational facilities were damaged or destroyed, further disrupting children’s lives and their right to education. Since the start of the full-scale invasion, the UN has verified that around 2,800 schools have been damaged, though the actual number is likely much higher.

“Schools must be protected spaces where children can learn safely, even during war. In times of crises, education provides a lifeline and sense of normalcy to children,” said Munir Mammadzade, UNICEF Representative in Ukraine.

A critical lifeline

“Despite the challenges, children in Ukraine are determined to continue learning – whether in school or online, in classrooms or in shelters. They are hopeful for a future where they can achieve their dreams,” he added.

UNICEF’s response, alongside government and local partners, has enabled more than half a million children to access inclusive formal or non-formal education, including in-person safe learning, helping them catch up on lost learning through remedial education.

As Ukraine enters another winter of war, UNICEF continues to provide vital cash assistance to help families prepare for the cold months. In October alone, 22,557 households received winter cash support. So far in the 2024–2025 winter season, UNICEF has assisted a total of 43,337 households — reaching 140,234 people, including 63,416 children, 30,738 of them girls.

Protecting schools and children’s right to education is not optional during war – it is imperative, UNICEF stressed, urging international partners to continue supporting Ukraine’s education sector as a “non-negotiable investment” in children and the country’s future.
 

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Europe’s hidden HIV crisis – Half of all people living with HIV in Europe are diagnosed late, threatening to undermine the fight against AIDS

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Europe’s hidden HIV crisis – Half of all people living with HIV in Europe are diagnosed late, threatening to undermine the fight against AIDS

According to the annual HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 105 922 HIV diagnoses were made in the WHO European Region in 2024, covering 53 countries in Europe and Central Asia. While overall reported numbers show a slight decrease compared to 2023, the available data suggest that testing and diagnosis gaps remain. The high proportion of late diagnoses means that many people are not accessing life-saving antiretroviral treatment and healthcare early enough, which increases the risk of developing AIDS, the risk of death and onward HIV transmission.

In the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA), 24 164 HIV diagnoses were reported, representing a rate of 5.3 per 100 000 people. Key findings from the 2024 data show that 48% of HIV diagnoses in the EU/EEA were late. Sex between men remains the most common mode of transmission in the EU/EEA (48%), but diagnoses attributed to heterosexual transmission are rising, accounting for nearly 46% of the HIV diagnoses reported.

Dr Pamela Rendi-Wagner, ECDC Director, said: “In the EU/EEA, nearly half of all diagnoses are made late. We must urgently innovate our testing strategies, embrace community-based testing and self-testing, and ensure rapid linkage to care. We can only end AIDS if people know their status.”

Across the WHO European Region, 54% of diagnoses were late; this proportion was highest among people who acquired the virus through heterosexual transmission (especially men) and people who inject drugs. Nearly one in three HIV diagnoses in 2024 were among people born outside the country where they were diagnosed. In the EU/EEA, this group accounted for more than half of new diagnoses, highlighting the need for tailored, accessible, and culturally competent prevention and testing services. 

Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe, said: “Our data paints a mixed picture. Since 2020, HIV testing across the European Region has rebounded, resulting in a higher volume of reported tests and a corresponding rise in HIV diagnoses in 11 countries in 2024.  In 2024 alone, 105,922 people were diagnosed with HIV, with an overall 2.68 million diagnoses reported since 1980s. However, the number of people living with undiagnosed HIV is growing, a silent crisis that’s fueling transmission. We are not doing enough to remove the deadly barriers of stigma and discrimination that prevent people from seeking out a simple test. An early diagnosis is not a privilege but a gateway to a long, healthy life and the key to stopping HIV in its tracks.”

ECDC and WHO/Europe are calling for urgent efforts to routinise, normalise and scale up testing, including providing wider access to self-testing and community-based options, which can reach people who do not access facility-based healthcare services. The 2030 goal to end AIDS as a public health threat is within reach, but only if the European region acts now to eliminate the testing gap. 

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16.6 million packages of fake and harmful toys taken off EU markets – Counterfeits worth EUR 36.8 million seized and 555 individuals reported to judicial and health authorities in two major operations

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16.6 million packages of fake and harmful toys taken off EU markets – Counterfeits worth EUR 36.8 million seized and 555 individuals reported to judicial and health authorities in two major operations

16.6 million packages of fake and harmful toys taken off EU markets – Counterfeits worth EUR 36.8 million seized and 555 individuals reported to judicial and health authorities in two major operations | Europol

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