Monday, May 4, 2026
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Sudan war: Hundreds of thousands flee renewed violence in North Darfur

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World News in Brief: ‘Ruthless assault on human life’ in Sudan, Gaza ceasefire must hold says relief chief, World Cancer Day

Renewed attacks on camps – including Zamzam and Abu Shouk – that were sheltering those displaced by earlier violence have now forced an estimated 400,000 to 450,000 people to flee again.

According to the Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Sudan, many are moving towards the town of Tawila, the rugged terrain of Jebel Marra or other remote areas – far from health services, clean water and food supplies.

These population movements are increasingly fluid, unpredictable, and fuelled by ongoing hostilities and fears of a broader offensive on El Fasher,” Humanitarian Coordinator Clementine Nkweta-Salami said in a statement on Sunday.

“The scale and gravity of reported violations, including direct attacks on IDPs and humanitarian personnel, are unacceptable. Civilians must never be a target.”

Worsening crisis

The displacement follows a wave of violence earlier this month, in which Rapid Support Forces (RSF)-affiliated troops reportedly launched coordinated attacks on Zamzam, Abu Shouk and El Fasher, killing hundreds, including children and humanitarian staff.

The situation in Sudan remains one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises.

Since conflict erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the RSF in April 2023, more than 12.4 million people have been displaced, including over 3.3 million who have fled to neighbouring countries. Thousands more have been killed in the violence, with the Darfur region among the hardest hit.

Supply lines severed

Ms. Nkweta-Salami warned that the situation is further compounded by rising levels of food insecurity, with displaced populations increasingly cut off from supply chains and assistance.

Risk of epidemic outbreaks, malnutrition and famine are also rising.

Access to El Fasher and surrounding areas remains “dangerously restricted,” she said, reiterating calls for sustained access to the region through established humanitarian infrastructure.

In addition to access, limited funding is further imperilling lifesaving programmes across the region.

The humanitarian system is currently overstretched,” Ms. Nkweta-Salami said, calling on donors to urgently ramp up flexible and front-loaded support through mechanisms such as the Sudan Humanitarian Fund.

“This funding is critical to support first responders, mobilize life-saving supplies, and sustain emergency response operations,” she added.

Intercommunal clashes in West Darfur

Meanwhile, intercommunal clashes in West Darfur have added to the crisis.

A separate report from the UN International Organization for Migration (IOM) indicated that at least 146 households were displaced from Jebel Moon locality following an attack last week by Arab tribesmen.

The situation remains tense and unpredictable,” the agency said.

Many of the displaced fled across the border into Chad. Due to security constraints, IOM said verification of numbers remains limited.

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stepping up partnerships for win-win outcomes and collective security

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  • EIB Group President Nadia Calviño will lead an EIB Group delegation to meet   global partners and fellow Multilateral Development Banks in Washington DC
  • Boosting strategic investment to reinforce peace, prosperity and partnerships is at the heart of the EIB Group agenda
  • Announcements to include  new investments for energy security, climate action and accelerated support for Ukraine, as well strengthening cooperation with fellow Multilateral Development Banks

An EIB Group delegation led by President Nadia Calviño will participate in the 2025 Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group taking place this week in Washington DC. Vice-Presidents Ambroise Fayolle and Thomas Östros will join the EIB Group President to meet key partners in international development and finance.

Discussions will focus on building solid partnerships and deepening cooperation within the Multilateral Development Bank family.

On the margins of the Spring Meetings, the EIB Group is expected to sign agreements with partners, such as the EBRD and the World Bank Group to support sustainable development around the world.

The Group will also announce new investments with private sector partners for climate innovation in developing countries as well as financing for energy security.

Speaking ahead of the Spring Meetings, EIB President Nadia Calviño said,

“In these times of extreme volatility, we have three priorities in mind: peace, prosperity and partnership. That means support to the multilateral system, international cooperation and solid partnerships around the world, based on mutual respect and leading to win-win outcomes¨. 

“Our gathering in Washington is a timely and I welcome opportunity to take stock with our partners, to coordinate our actions and work together for a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world”.

The EIB President will also take part in the International Monetary Financial Committee Plenary sessions and will join other heads of the world’s Multilateral Development Banks for discussions on increasing  the collective impact of their financing around the world.

She will also take part in the 7th Ukraine Ministerial Roundtable at the World Bank, as well as updating partners on the EIB Group’s contribution.

As part of the EU response, the EIB has disbursed €2,2 billion since Russia’s invasion, with a recent agreement with the European Commission to guarantee a further €2 billion of financing under the EU‘s Ukraine Facility. Earlier this month the EIB signed three new agreements to provide the country with €300 million to restore and repair essential services and municipal infrastructure.

For more information about the EIB Group at the WBG/IMF Spring meetings visit:

https://www.eib.org/en/events/eib-at-spring-meetings

President Calvino and the EIB Delegation will also take part in a number of policy events and discussions which include:

  • Europe’s moment: building bridges to shared prosperity. President Calviño in  conversation with Cecilia Malmström

Date:                22nd April at 15h00      

Venue:             Peterson Institute for International Economics

Follow online  – https://www.piie.com/events/2025/europes-moment-building-bridges-shared-prosperity

  • Reconstructing Ukraine—The Path Forward

With President Nadia Calviño, EBRD President Odile Renaud-Basso and Ukraine’s Finance Minister Sergii Marchenko

Date:                23rd April 9.00

Venue:             Council on Foreign Relations

Follow online – https://www.cfr.org

  • A Strong Europe in a Changing World

Conference and Q & A with students

Date:                23rd April at 10h45

Venue:             Georgetown UniversityEvents https://global.georgetown.edu/events

For any interview requests or any media request in the margins of the Spring Meetings, please reach out to the press contacts below.

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stepping up partnerships for win-win outcomes and collective security

0
stepping up partnerships for win-win outcomes and collective security

  • EIB Group President Nadia Calviño will lead an EIB Group delegation to meet   global partners and fellow Multilateral Development Banks in Washington DC
  • Boosting strategic investment to reinforce peace, prosperity and partnerships is at the heart of the EIB Group agenda
  • Announcements to include  new investments for energy security, climate action and accelerated support for Ukraine, as well strengthening cooperation with fellow Multilateral Development Banks

An EIB Group delegation led by President Nadia Calviño will participate in the 2025 Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group taking place this week in Washington DC. Vice-Presidents Ambroise Fayolle and Thomas Östros will join the EIB Group President to meet key partners in international development and finance.

Discussions will focus on building solid partnerships and deepening cooperation within the Multilateral Development Bank family.

On the margins of the Spring Meetings, the EIB Group is expected to sign agreements with partners, such as the EBRD and the World Bank Group to support sustainable development around the world.

The Group will also announce new investments with private sector partners for climate innovation in developing countries as well as financing for energy security.

Speaking ahead of the Spring Meetings, EIB President Nadia Calviño said,

“In these times of extreme volatility, we have three priorities in mind: peace, prosperity and partnership. That means support to the multilateral system, international cooperation and solid partnerships around the world, based on mutual respect and leading to win-win outcomes¨. 

“Our gathering in Washington is a timely and I welcome opportunity to take stock with our partners, to coordinate our actions and work together for a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world”.

The EIB President will also take part in the International Monetary Financial Committee Plenary sessions and will join other heads of the world’s Multilateral Development Banks for discussions on increasing  the collective impact of their financing around the world.

She will also take part in the 7th Ukraine Ministerial Roundtable at the World Bank, as well as updating partners on the EIB Group’s contribution.

As part of the EU response, the EIB has disbursed €2,2 billion since Russia’s invasion, with a recent agreement with the European Commission to guarantee a further €2 billion of financing under the EU‘s Ukraine Facility. Earlier this month the EIB signed three new agreements to provide the country with €300 million to restore and repair essential services and municipal infrastructure.

For more information about the EIB Group at the WBG/IMF Spring meetings visit:

https://www.eib.org/en/events/eib-at-spring-meetings

President Calvino and the EIB Delegation will also take part in a number of policy events and discussions which include:

  • Europe’s moment: building bridges to shared prosperity. President Calviño in  conversation with Cecilia Malmström

Date:                22nd April at 15h00      

Venue:             Peterson Institute for International Economics

Follow online  – https://www.piie.com/events/2025/europes-moment-building-bridges-shared-prosperity

  • Reconstructing Ukraine—The Path Forward

With President Nadia Calviño, EBRD President Odile Renaud-Basso and Ukraine’s Finance Minister Sergii Marchenko

Date:                23rd April 9.00

Venue:             Council on Foreign Relations

Follow online – https://www.cfr.org

  • A Strong Europe in a Changing World

Conference and Q & A with students

Date:                23rd April at 10h45

Venue:             Georgetown UniversityEvents https://global.georgetown.edu/events

For any interview requests or any media request in the margins of the Spring Meetings, please reach out to the press contacts below.

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The Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet

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The Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet

There’s a growing movement towards a plant-based diet, and many are discovering how this lifestyle choice can lead to significant changes in their health. By opting for fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, individuals often experience enhanced energy levels and better weight management. Moreover, studies suggest that a plant-based diet may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. As they explore this green journey, people find themselves not only improving their well-being but also contributing positively to the environment.

Key Takeaways:

  • A plant-based diet can significantly lower the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
  • Transitioning to a plant-based diet promotes weight management and can aid in weight loss due to its typically lower calorie density.
  • Incorporating more plant foods enhances nutritional intake, providing crucial vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support overall health.
  • A plant-based lifestyle can improve digestive health by increasing fiber consumption, which promotes gut health and regularity.
  • This diet contributes to environmental sustainability, reducing carbon footprints and the use of natural resources compared to animal-based diets.

Understanding Plant-Based Diets

A plant-based diet focuses on consuming foods derived from plants, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds. This dietary approach emphasizes whole, minimally processed foods while reducing or eliminating animal products. By adopting such a lifestyle, individuals can experience numerous health benefits, including improved nutrition, weight management, and enhanced well-being.

Definition and Principles

Principles of a plant-based diet center around prioritizing plant-derived foods, minimizing animal products, and incorporating a variety of whole foods. It supports environmental sustainability and promotes health by encouraging nutrient-dense choices. By steering clear of processed foods and refined sugars, individuals can cultivate a healthier eating pattern.

Types of Plant-Based Diets

Around the world, there are various types of plant-based diets that cater to different preferences and lifestyles. Below is a table that outlines the most common types of plant-based diets along with their key features:

Type Description
Vegetarian Excludes meat, poultry, and fish
Vegan Excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs
Pescatarian Includes fish and seafood but excludes meat and poultry
Flexitarian Primarily plant-based but occasionally includes meat
Raw Vegan Excludes all animal products and is composed of uncooked foods

Those exploring plant-based diets benefit immensely from understanding these categories. Each type offers flexibility and adaptability, allowing for a personalized approach that aligns with individual goals and preferences. Thou shall choose the diet that resonates best with their lifestyle and health aspirations.

Also, individuals might find that the following categories of plant-based diets fit their needs:

Type Benefits
Vegetarian Improved heart health, lower cholesterol
Vegan Reduces risk of chronic diseases, weight loss
Pescatarian Inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids, balanced nutrition
Flexitarian Provides dietary flexibility, encourages mindful eating
Raw Vegan Packed with enzymes, rich in vitamins

In their journey towards better health, individuals can find that embracing a plant-based diet not only elevates their nutrition but also contributes significantly to their overall wellness. Thou shall explore and experiment with these various types to discover the best fit for their lifestyle.

Health Benefits of a Plant-Based Diet

Assuming an individual adopts a plant-based diet, they may experience a range of health benefits that can enhance their overall well-being. This dietary choice is often linked to lower rates of chronic diseases, increased energy levels, and improved digestion. By focusing on whole foods, they can enrich their nutrient intake, support their immune system, and foster a healthier lifestyle.

Improved Heart Health

Below the surface, a plant-based diet plays a significant role in improving heart health. By consuming more fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, individuals can lower their cholesterol levels and reduce blood pressure, significantly decreasing the risk of heart disease.

Weight Management and Metabolism

Weight management becomes more attainable with a plant-based diet. This dietary approach emphasizes nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods that aid in maintaining a healthy weight. Individuals find it easier to manage their cravings and maintain a balanced metabolism, which leads to effective weight control.

Diet plays a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy weight and optimizing metabolism. *By incorporating high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes, they can feel full with fewer calories, which supports weight loss efforts.* Additionally, a plant-based diet may enhance metabolic health, as it is rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals that support efficient energy use. Overall, embracing this lifestyle encourages sustainable weight management while promoting a vibrant, energetic life.

Nutritional Aspects

Your health can greatly benefit from the rich array of nutrients found in a plant-based diet. By focusing on whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds, individuals can obtain vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants important for overall wellbeing. This diet often helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases while promoting a healthy weight and improved energy levels.

Essential Nutrients in Plant Foods

Nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids can be adequately sourced from plant foods. Legumes, nuts, and whole grains provide important amino acids, while dark leafy greens, fortified plant milks, and seeds offer vital minerals. A well-balanced plant-based diet ensures that individuals receive the vital nutrients necessary for health without the negative impacts associated with animal products.

Common Myths and Misconceptions

An array of misconceptions surrounds plant-based diets. Many believe that they are deprived of protein or important vitamins, leading to a fear of nutrient deficiencies. Others assume that maintaining a plant-based diet is overly difficult and expensive, which discourages individuals from making the switch.

And this apprehension is often fueled by misinformation prevalent in society. For instance, the idea that plant-based diets lack adequate protein is misleading; in fact, many plant foods are rich in protein, but people should pay attention to the variety in their diet to ensure they receive all necessary amino acids. Moreover, while there may be an initial investment in whole plant foods, they can often be more cost-effective in the long term compared to processed foods and animal products. A plant-based lifestyle can therefore be both sustainable and beneficial, dispelling these damaging myths.

Environmental Impact

After adopting a plant-based diet, individuals can significantly reduce their environmental footprint. This dietary shift not only helps combat climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions but also promotes biodiversity and protects ecosystems. By moving away from animal agriculture, they contribute to a more sustainable planet, lessening the demand for environmentally damaging farming practices.

Sustainability and Resource Conservation

Sustainability is at the core of a plant-based diet, as it requires fewer natural resources compared to meat production. By consuming plants, individuals support land conservation and reduce water usage, helping preserve vital ecosystems for future generations. This mindful approach encourages efficient use of agricultural resources and minimizes waste, aligning with broader goals for a healthier planet.

Reducing Carbon Footprint

An integral benefit of a plant-based diet is its ability to greatly reduce one’s carbon footprint. By choosing plant foods over animal products, individuals can decrease their greenhouse gas emissions, as meat production is one of the leading contributors to global warming. The cultivation of crops for plant-based diets typically results in lower emissions, thus promoting a more sustainable future.

The shift to a plant-based diet not only enhances personal health but also has a profound effect on the environment. The food industry is responsible for approximately 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with livestock production being a significant factor. Moreover, they can lower their carbon footprint by nearly 50% by eliminating animal products from their meals. In doing so, they are actively contributing to a reduction in fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions, leading to a healthier climate for everyone.

Transitioning to a Plant-Based Diet

All individuals considering a shift to a plant-based diet will find that the transition can be both rewarding and manageable. Embracing this lifestyle requires a thoughtful approach, often involving gradual changes to their current eating habits. By incorporating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, one can enhance their health and discover new culinary delights.

Tips for New Adopters

By following a few straightforward strategies, new adopters can ease into a plant-based diet. They may consider:

  • Start with simple, familiar vegan recipes
  • Gradually replace animal products with plant-based options
  • Explore local markets for fresh produce
  • Join online communities for support and inspiration

Any approach that fosters enthusiasm and curiosity can significantly enhance the transition experience.

Meal Planning and Preparation

Transitioning to a plant-based diet can be greatly facilitated by effective meal planning and preparation. She should ensure her meals are balanced, featuring a variety of nutrient-dense foods that provide crucial vitamins and minerals. This process may include creating a weekly menu, selecting recipes that utilize seasonal ingredients, and prepping meals in advance. By doing so, she can avoid the pitfalls of last-minute decisions that often lead to unhealthy choices. The key is to stay organized, keep the pantry stocked with whole foods, and experiment with different cuisines. This organized approach allows for a smoother transition and can help them discover enjoyable plant-based meals that align with their health goals.

Personal Success Stories

Keep in mind that transitioning to a plant-based diet can lead to remarkable personal success stories. Many individuals have experienced life-changing transformations, finding not only physical health improvements but also enhanced mental well-being. These stories highlight the diverse ways a plant-based lifestyle can empower individuals to take control of their health and vitality.

Health Transformations

With a plant-based diet, they have witnessed significant health transformations. Weight loss, improved energy levels, and reduced risks of chronic diseases are just a few benefits often reported. Many individuals have successfully reversed conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, showcasing how a dedicated shift in eating habits can lead to profound improvements in one’s overall health.

Testimonials from Individuals

At the core of these success stories are heartfelt testimonials from individuals who embraced plant-based eating. Each account reveals unique experiences and challenges, as well as the incredible benefits they have encountered on their journeys. Their stories serve as inspiration for others considering this lifestyle change.

The rich tapestry of testimonials demonstrates that they have experienced more than just weight loss on a plant-based diet; they have also noted enhanced mental clarity, increased energy, and a newfound relationship with food that emphasizes well-being. She describes her journey of overcoming lifelong digestive issues, while he shares how reducing his cholesterol levels has profoundly impacted his confidence and overall health. They highlight the importance of embracing whole foods, showing that the shift often leads to a renewed zest for life and a commitment to making healthier choices.

Summing up

Taking this into account, adopting a plant-based diet can significantly enhance individual health and well-being. They benefit from increased energy levels, improved digestion, and a lower risk of chronic diseases. Furthermore, he or she may experience enhanced mental clarity and emotional stability, contributing to a more balanced lifestyle. By making more environmentally conscious food choices, they also support sustainable practices that benefit the planet. Overall, transitioning to a plant-based diet symbolizes a commitment to personal health and global sustainability.

FAQ

Q: What are the main health benefits of adopting a plant-based diet?

A: A plant-based diet is associated with numerous health benefits, including improved heart health, lower risk of chronic diseases, weight management, and enhanced digestion. By emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, individuals can reduce their intake of saturated fats and cholesterol, leading to healthier cholesterol levels and blood pressure. Additionally, plant-based diets are often rich in fiber, which supports healthy digestion and can aid in weight loss by promoting satiety.

Q: Can a plant-based diet provide all the necessary nutrients?

A: Yes, a well-planned plant-based diet can provide all imperative nutrients. To ensure adequate intake of protein, iron, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin B12, it’s important to include a variety of plant foods. Protein can be found in legumes, tofu, tempeh, and whole grains, while iron can be obtained from lentils, chickpeas, and spinach. For vitamin B12, fortified foods or supplements are recommended, as it is primarily found in animal products.

Q: How does a plant-based diet affect energy levels?

A: Many individuals report increased energy levels after adopting a plant-based diet. This boost in energy can be attributed to the consumption of whole, nutrient-dense foods that are high in complex carbohydrates, fiber, and antioxidants. These foods provide a steady source of energy and help stabilize blood sugar levels, reducing energy crashes often associated with processed foods high in refined sugars and fats.

Q: Is a plant-based diet suitable for all age groups?

A: Yes, a plant-based diet can be suitable for individuals of all ages when appropriately planned. Children, adults, and seniors can all benefit from the wide array of nutrients found in plant-based foods. However, it’s important for parents to ensure that children receive all necessary nutrients for growth and development. Tailoring a plant-based diet to meet individual nutritional needs can help accommodate varying age-related dietary requirements.

Q: What are some practical tips for transitioning to a plant-based diet?

A: Transitioning to a plant-based diet can be made easier by following a few practical tips: Start by incorporating more fruits and vegetables into your meals; gradually replace animal-based proteins with plant-based alternatives; explore new recipes to keep meals exciting; and consider meal prepping to ensure you have healthy options readily available. Additionally, seeking support from online communities or local groups can provide motivation and valuable resources during the transition.

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness.

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness. Source link

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Building capacity to combat illicit cultural heritage trafficking with the EuroMed Justice Project

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

From 8-10 April in Cairo, Egypt, the EuroMed Justice Project brought together experts and officials from Europe and South Partner Countries for a three-day Technical Assistance Facility (TAF) activity aimed at protecting cultural heritage and combatting its illicit trafficking.

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Building capacity to combat illicit cultural heritage trafficking with the EuroMed Justice Project

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Investment simplification: Council agrees position on the ‘Invest EU’ regulation to boost EU competitiveness

From 8-10 April in Cairo, Egypt, the EuroMed Justice Project brought together experts and officials from Europe and South Partner Countries for a three-day Technical Assistance Facility (TAF) activity aimed at protecting cultural heritage and combatting its illicit trafficking. Source link

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EU Countries Seek to Limit Hungary’s Veto Power on Russia Sanctions

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A group of European Union countries is exploring ways to prevent Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán from vetoing sanctions against Russia, according to diplomatic sources. The plan involves transposing EU-wide sanctions into domestic law, effectively undermining Hungary’s ability to block their renewal.

Currently, the EU requires unanimous support from all 27 member states to roll over sanctions every six months. However, with Hungary’s repeated threats to use its veto power, several EU governments are considering introducing their own national sanctions against Russia. This would allow them to bypass the need for a unified EU approach and limit the impact of any potential Hungarian veto.

The move is seen as a response to Orbán’s increasingly isolated stance on Russia, which has sparked concerns among EU partners. Hungary has refused to sign off on EU conclusions regarding Russia’s war against Ukraine, and Orbán has vowed to block measures against Russian oil, gas, and nuclear technology.

According to sources, at least half a dozen EU capitals are advocating for this approach, including countries that have previously been reluctant to impose restrictions outside the EU framework, such as Belgium and the Czech Republic. While not all governments are expected to follow suit, the participation of key countries could significantly reduce the impact of a Hungarian veto.

The plan is still in its early stages, with diplomats acknowledging that there are legal and practical hurdles to overcome. Some countries may not have the necessary legislation in place to introduce national sanctions, and a divided approach could potentially weaken the overall effectiveness of the sanctions regime.

However, with the EU set to impose its 17th round of sanctions against Russia, the pressure is mounting to find a solution to the Hungarian veto conundrum. As one EU diplomat noted, “We all need to be in the mindset where we know it’s possible sanctions won’t be renewed. We have to make sure the whole sanctions regime is resilient.”

The development comes amid growing tensions between Hungary and its EU partners, with some calling for tougher action against countries that violate the rule of law. Germany’s incoming ruling coalition is reportedly advocating for the removal of voting rights for countries that fail to comply with EU norms, a measure that appears targeted at Hungary.

While the plan to introduce national sanctions is seen as a pragmatic solution, it also raises questions about the future of EU decision-making and the potential fragmentation of the bloc’s foreign policy. As Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavský cautioned, “If you don’t have a power of veto in your core interests, it’s not only about Hungary, it’s many other states that have core interests – I think Europe could very easily be much weaker.”

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Haiti’s independence debt to France focus of debate at UN

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Haiti’s independence debt to France focus of debate at UN

The first country ever to free itself from slavery through a successful uprising, Haiti gained independence from France in 1804. But the price for defying the colonial order was steep. On April 17, 1825, besieged by French warships, Haiti agreed to pay an indemnity of 150 million gold francs to the European power.

Officially, the payment was meant to compensate French plantation owners for “lost property” following independence, but the amount far exceeded actual losses.

“France forced the winners of Haiti’s independence – the former slaves – to compensate the losers, their former masters,” said Monique Clesca, a journalist and activist of Haitian descent, said on Thursday at a meeting on the country’s independence debt. The meeting was held during UN Permanent Forum on People of African Descent.

The price of freedom: A double debt

This tax on liberty soon plunged world’s first Black republic into a spiral of debt. When Haiti was no longer able to pay, France pushed its banks to lend it money, what we call a “double debt,” Ms. Clesca explained.

By 1914, over three-quarters of the country’s national budget was still being drained to repay French banks. It was not until 1947 – more than 140 years after independence – that Haiti finally settled its debt.

“France committed an enormous injustice that still resonates today,” Ms. Clesca said.

An in-depth 2022 investigation by The New York Times found that Haiti’s payments to France amounted to the modern equivalent of roughly $560 million. Had that money been retained in Haiti and invested domestically, it could have added more than $20 billion to the country’s economy over time, according to some economists.

Haiti today: The legacy of debt

Though Haiti stands a milestone in the global fight for emancipation, today it today is mired in instability, with armed gangs controlling 85 per cent of the capital, Port-au-Prince. According to the World Bank, it remains the poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean.

From institutional paralysis to arms trafficking and corruption, the country’s challenges are immense. Yet, to the members of UN Permanent Forum, the roots of Haiti’s crises are clear: they lie in history.

“The entrenched human rights crises in the Republic of Haiti [are] rooted in legacies of enslavement, colonialism, debt payments, military threats and interventions,” said the advisory body to the UN Human Rights Council in a position paper last month.

Broadcast of the meeting.

A belated recognition

Responding to mounting calls for justice, French President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday announced the creation of a joint commission of Haitian and French historians to examine the impact of the 1825 indemnity.

While welcoming the move, Martin Kimani, a member of the Permanent Forum, stressed that the commission’s effectiveness would depend on its willingness to fully acknowledge the harm caused.

“We call for restitution of the financial sums extracted through this cost arrangement along with broader reparative measures to address Haiti’s structural underdevelopment and international neglect,” Mr. Kimani said during the meeting, held on the final day of the Forum’s fourth session this week.

According to media reports, so far the French president has stopped short of committing to financial reparations.

Calls for restitution

“The colonial past creates responsibilities that must be assumed collectively by France and the international community,” said Pierre Ericq Pierre, Haiti’s Permanent Representative to the UN, who took part in the discussion.

According to the Haitian ambassador, the country’s enduring inequalities are rooted in its colonial past and the burden of the “ransom.”

In his view, restitution would only be far. “This isn’t about revenge,” he said. “It’s about truth and justice.”

Restorative justice

The Haitian people deserve a future free from violence – one that meets basic standards of development, said Gaynel Curry, another member of the Permanent Forum.

In addition to returning the colonial debt, Ms. Curry called for the creation of an international reparations fund for Haiti and establishing an independent inquiry, under the Human Rights Council, to explore avenues of into restorative justice.

For Verene Albertha Shepherd, Vice Chair of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, such steps would also honour another debt – the moral one owed by people of African descent to Haiti’s revolutionaries.

“These freedom fighters struck fear into the hearts of all slaveholders,” she said.

More than two centuries after Haiti’s independence, she added, the time has come to deliver justice.

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