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World News in Brief: Antisemitism action plan, DR Congo violence escalates, new migration movie, year of ‘peace and trust’

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World News in Brief: Antisemitism action plan, DR Congo violence escalates, new migration movie, year of ‘peace and trust’

The plan was announced by the High Representative for the UN Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC), a platform for intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation.

Miguel Ángel Moratinos called antisemitism – prejudice or hatred towards Jews – “a toxic ideology with deep roots in bigotry and racism that still plagues our world manifesting itself in different forms.”

Eradicate antisemitism and all bigotry

He noted that the international community will soon mark 80 years since the end of the Holocaust, but antisemitism is still persistent in many parts of the globe.

“It is our collective responsibility to eradicate antisemitism, and all forms of bigotry, hatred and discrimination,” he said.

The plan is focused on the UN system and includes recommendations such as establishing a Working Group to monitor and evaluate the impact of policies and measures to address antisemitism.

Other actions include enhancing awareness and understanding of antisemitism among UN personnel.

Mr. Moratinos said the aim is to mainstream the Action Plan across UN policy frameworks, knowledge management and programming activities.

To this end, his office is working on launching a series of dialogues to exchange views on good practices on countering religious intolerance and bigotry, one of which will focus on antisemitism.

Escalating Violence in eastern DR Congo displaces hundreds of thousands

The UN refugee agency (UNHCR) and aid coordination office, OCHA, have expressed grave concerns over the escalating violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which has displaced 237,000 people this year alone.

“Escalating clashes between non-State armed groups and the Congolese army in North and South Kivu provinces are intensifying one of the world’s most alarming yet under-reported humanitarian crises,” said UNHCR spokesperson Eujin Byun on Friday, in a briefing in Geneva.

The violence has led to widespread human rights violations and massive forced displacement, with North and South Kivu already hosting 4.6 million internally displaced people.

From January 1 to 6, intense fighting in North Kivu’s Masisi and Lubero territories forced approximately 150,000 to flee.

Many sought safety in Masisi territory, only to be displaced again as violence spread. In South Kivu’s Fizi territory, 84,000 people are now displaced, with the local government requesting international humanitarian assistance.

‘Broader escalation’

OCHA reported that between January 14 and 15, at least 30 people were killed in Lubero territory, and 30,000 fled to Butembo and surrounding areas. “These recent attacks are part of a broader escalation of violence since June 2024, which has claimed at least 220 lives,” OCHA noted.

Humanitarian access is severely limited, leaving displaced populations in desperate need of shelter, food, clean water, and medical care. “Safe and unimpeded access for aid workers must be guaranteed,” emphasized UNHCR. Both agencies call for an immediate cessation of attacks against civilians and adherence to international humanitarian law.

UNHCR and OCHA remain committed to supporting displaced communities, but the scale of the crisis demands immediate action to scale up relief efforts.

Dignity for migrants should be our guiding light, insists ‘Cabrini’ actress

Film star Cristiana Dell’Anna travelled to Geneva on Friday to highlight her film about the age-old dangers confronting migrants and the astonishing Italian missionary who worked in the slums of New York at the turn of the last century, trying to protect them.

The film, Cabrini, is inspired by the true story of Italian nun, Mother Francesca Cabrini, who Pope Leo XIII tasked with helping vulnerable migrants arriving in the United States at the turn of the last century.

It offers an uncomfortable front row perspective on the discrimination and racism reserved for poor Italian migrants, who were unable to speak English in the already booming city and whose dark skin led to them being called “monkeys”.

Despite serious lifelong sickness, Mother Cabrini took in orphans, fed, clothed and educated them in New York. She was canonized for her work in 1946 – the first US citizen to be made a saint.

Increase awareness

Ms. Dell’Anna said that the film is an opportunity to raise awareness about the difficulties migrants continue to face: ‘Where does the migrant stand today in a world where it’s easier to trade merchandise and it’s easy for things to travel around the world rather than human beings?”

“We should probably reflect on these issues and understand where we place humankind, compared to objects.”

Latest UN estimates indicate that there are at least 281 million migrants worldwide, a number that has increased over the past five decades, with people continuing to leave their homes – driven by poverty, conflict and climate change.

International Year of Peace and Trust begins

Friday marked the opening ceremony of the UN General Assembly-mandated International Year of Peace and Trust, 2025, at UN Headquarters in New York – an initiative designed to foster a culture of peace and dialogue between Member States.

The resolution’s main sponsor is Turkmenistan, and Friday’s launch event provided a platform to align efforts, mobilise resources and inspire collective action to address global challenges through dialogue, trust building and cooperation.

The initiatives unveiled will guide activities through the year, culminating in the International Forum for Peace and Trust in December, in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.

Among the senior officials making keynote addresses were the President of the General Assembly, the High Representative for the UN Alliance of Civilizations, and the head of the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism.

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Gaza: ‘Every day without a ceasefire will bring more tragedy’

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Gaza: ‘Every day without a ceasefire will bring more tragedy’

Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini stressed that no place and no one in Gaza has been safe since the war began in October 2023.

“As the year begins, we got reports of yet another attack on Al Mawasi with dozens of people killed and injured,” he said, calling this “another reminder that there is no humanitarian zone let alone a ‘safe zone’”.

He warned that “every day without a ceasefire will bring more tragedy.”

Media under attack

Separately, UNRWA recalled that the Israeli authorities continue to prevent international media from operating and reporting inside Gaza. 

“Access to international journalists to report freely from Gaza must be granted,” the agency said.

Relatedly, the UN human rights office, OHCHR, said it is deeply concerned by the Palestinian Authority’s (PA) suspension of the operations of the Al Jazeera news network in the occupied West Bank.

The Qatar-based channel was accused of broadcasting “inciting materials” that were “deceiving and stirring strife”, according to international media reports which cited the official Palestinian news agency Wafa.

The development comes amid the “troubling trend” of suppressing freedom of opinion and expression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, OHCHR said, urging the PA “to reverse course and respect its international law obligations.”

Rights experts deplore ‘blatant disregard’ for health 

Meanwhile, two independent experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council appealled for an end to what they called “the blatant disregard of the right to health in Gaza” following the raid last week on Kamal Adwan Hospital in the north and the arbitrary arrest and detention of its director.

Dr. Tlaleng Mofokeng, Special Rapporteur on the right to physical and mental health, and Francesca Albanese, Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, voiced their concerns in a statement issued on Thursday.

“For well over a year into the genocide, Israel’s blatant assault on the right to health in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory is plumbing new depths of impunity,” they said.

Healthcare under fire

The experts were “horrified and concerned” by reports from North Gaza, “especially the attack on health workers including the last remaining of 22 now destroyed hospitals: Kamal Adwan Hospital.”

They expressed grave concern over the fate of the hospital’s director, Dr. Hussam Abu Safiya, describing him as “yet another doctor to be harassed, kidnapped and arbitrarily detained by the occupation forces, in his case for defying evacuation orders to leave his patients and colleagues behind.”

They said such action “is part of a pattern by Israel to continuously bombard, destroy and fully annihilate the realisation of the right to health in Gaza.”

Dr Hossam Abu Safiya, Director of Kamal Adwan Hospital.

Concern for hospital director

The experts noted that before Dr. Abu Safiya was kidnapped, his son was killed in front of him.  

Furthermore, the doctor “was recently injured while on duty as a result of Israel’s genocidal acts,” yet “continued to provide care while the hospital was under continuous bombardment and threat.”    

“More disturbing reports indicate that Israeli forces allegedly conducted extrajudicial executions of some people in the vicinity of the hospital, including a Palestinian man who was reportedly holding a white flag,” they added.

Not a target

More than 1,057 Palestinian health and medical professionals have been killed so far and many have been arbitrarily arrested, according to the independent experts.

“The heroic actions of Palestinian medical colleagues in Gaza, teach us what it means to have taken the medical oath. They are also a clear signal of a depraved humanity that has allowed a genocide to continue for well over a year,” they said.

Stressing that medical personnel enjoy special protections under international humanitarian law, the rights experts said “they are not legitimate targets for attack, nor can they legitimately be detained for exercising their profession.”

End assaults and arbitrary arrests

The experts called on Israel, as the occupying power, to respect and protect the right to life and to health in Gaza and the whole Occupied Palestinian Territory.

“They must also ensure the immediate release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya, and all other arbitrarily detained healthcare workers. May they be the last arbitrarily arrested Palestinians, and may the new year begin under different auspices.” 

About UN rapporteurs

Special Rapporteurs are appointed by the UN Human Rights Council, which is based in Geneva. They are mandated to monitor and report on specific country situations or thematic issues.

These experts are not UN staff, do not receive a salary, and serve in their individual capacity, independent of the UN Secretariat. 

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UNRWA chief: Ceasefire is the start, not the solution

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UNRWA chief: Ceasefire is the start, not the solution

Speaking to reporters at UN Headquarters in New York, Mr. Lazzarini emphasised that the agreement is only the first step in addressing the region’s overwhelming humanitarian challenges.

He joined UN Secretary-General António Guterres in urging all parties to fully implement the ceasefire and ensure unrestricted humanitarian access to meet urgent needs.

“UNRWA is ready to support the international response by scaling up aid delivery,” he said.

Threat of Knesset laws

Mr. Lazzarini highlighted a looming threat: the impending implementation of Knesset legislation that would terminate UNRWA’s operations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

He warned of dire consequences, particularly in Gaza, where the agency is the backbone of the humanitarian response.

“The disintegration of the agency will intensify the breakdown of social order,” he said.

“Dismantling UNRWA now, outside a political process, will undermine the ceasefire agreement and sabotage Gaza’s recovery and political transition,” he explained.

Mr. Lazzarini stressed that UNRWA’s unique mandate and capacity to deliver essential services – such as education and primary healthcare – cannot be replicated without a functioning state.

Disinformation campaign

The Commissioner-General also highlighted the aggressive disinformation campaign targeting the agency.

“Billboards and ads accusing UNRWA of terrorism recently appeared in several cities, including New York,” he said, revealing that they had been paid for by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel.

He explained that such propaganda endangers UNRWA staff, fuels harassment and erodes trust in the international community’s ability to act.

Introducing a political framework

Looking to the future, Mr. Lazzarini emphasised the importance of transitioning UNRWA’s services within a defined political framework, as envisioned by the Global Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution.

“A clear choice lies before us: We can allow UNRWA to implode because of the Knesset legislation and the suspension of funding by key donors, or we can allow the agency to progressively conclude its mandate within a political framework,” he said.

This transition, he noted, must involve cooperation with empowered Palestinian institutions to avoid chaos and preserve vital services.

Collaboration with Palestinian Authority

UNRWA is already collaborating with the Palestinian Authority which runs services in the occupied West Bank, to address urgent healthcare and educational needs in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

Mr. Lazzarini highlighted that the agency remains the largest provider of primary healthcare in Gaza, conducting approximately 17,000 medical consultations daily. It is also the second-largest healthcare provider in the West Bank, after the authorities.

On education, he stressed the agency’s critical role in safeguarding the future of Palestinian children, many of whom are now living in the rubble of Gaza.

“If we fail to resume education in Gaza, and to preserve it in the West Bank, we will sacrifice an entire generation of Palestinian children,” he warned.

A former UNRWA school in Gaza lies in ruins after being bombed. (file)

Urgent appeal

Mr. Lazzarini drew attention to the agency’s precarious financial position, urging donor countries to increase contributions, disburse allocated funds without delay and review any funding currently on hold.

Without immediate financial support, he cautioned, UNRWA’s ability to continue its life-saving work will be at grave risk.

The Commissioner-General also told the press that he had urged the Security Council to take decisive action to avert the end of UNRWA’s operations.

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Haiti gangs crisis: Top rights expert decries attacks on hospitals

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Haiti gangs crisis: Top rights expert decries attacks on hospitals

William O’Neill, who reports to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, highlighted an attack on the Bernard Mevs Hospital in Port-au-Prince on 17 December and the killing of several journalists and a police officer at the General Hospital on 24 December.

The victims were attending the hospital’s official reopening.

“Criminal gangs have murdered and kidnapped physicians, nurses and healthcare workers, including humanitarian workers,” Mr. O’Neill said in a statement, adding that gangs had “burned, ransacked and destroyed many hospitals and clinics, forcing many to close or suspend their operations”.

According to the rights expert, only 37 per cent of health facilities in Port-au-Prince are fully functional.

‘Precarious conditions’

They remain difficult to access because of unchecked gangland violence in the capital that has put millions of Haitians at risk, Mr. O’Neill stressed.

He underscored “repeated threats to attack health premises” and cited reports that police officers were also allegedly involved.

“The Haitian people – including hundreds of thousands of children living in very precarious conditions – are once again paying the high price of this violence with their right to health severely hindered,” he lamented, expressing concern over the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.

Journalists under attack

The attacks on 24 December also underscore the dangers faced by journalists in Haiti, with many being killed or fleeing the country due to death threats.

Mr. O’Neill called on the international community to support Haitian authorities in combating insecurity and ensuring the right to health.

“I urge the international community to do everything it can to help Haitian authorities to combat rampant insecurity and ensure the realization of the right to health, including unhindered access to health facilities, goods, and services,” he said.

He also stressed the need for the State to investigate and bring those responsible for the attacks to justice.

William O’Neill (right), talks to a Haitian police officer in Port-au-Prince during a visit to the country in October 2023.

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Who is Adina Stoian, the female yoga teacher arrested in Georgia and wanted by French justice?

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On 20 and 26 December 2024, Tbilisi City Court held hearings to decide whether Georgia should extradite Adina Stoian and her husband Mihai arrested in August 2024 on the Turkish-Georgian border on the basis of an Interpol arrest warrant issued on France’s request.

A few days after mid-December, I happened to be in Tbilisi for The European Times to cover the unstable political situation and the demonstrations in the country following the contested results of the parliamentary elections and the subsequent election of a new contested pro-Kremlin president by the new parliament. On this occasion, I published two articles titled “GEORGIA: Election of an ex-footballer as the new president booed by demonstrators” and “GEORGIA: Police violence in Tbilisi while President Zurabishvili calls for quick EU actions”. I also used the opportunity of being in Tbilisi to meet state and non-state actors as well as lawyers involved in the case of the Stoians and to collect some unpublished information about the couple. A member of their family was also in Tbilisi.

At the end of the second hearing taking place after my departure from Georgia, the court found that a third hearing was necessary to try to solve a crucial issue: the interpretation of the debates and the translation of printed or written court documents in Romanian, as strongly required by Adina and Mihai Stoian and their lawyers instead of the English language imposed until then by the judicial authorities.

The court considered that Mihai and Adina Stoian were sufficiently fluent in English due to their international activities but their counter-argument was that the legal and judicial language used during the proceedings and interpreted in English was foreign to them and was putting them at risk of failing to understand the implications of what they might have to accept and to sign.

The double translation of complex issues first by the interpreter Georgian-English and second by themselves in their own language (Romanian) was de facto opening the door to inaccuracies and misunderstandings at both levels and could lead to a miscarriage of justice they would be the victims of, they argued.

The context of the arrest of Adina and Mihai Stoian

On 28 November 2023, a SWAT team of around 175 policemen wearing black masks, helmets, and bullet proof vests, simultaneously descended at 6am on eight separate houses and apartments in and around Paris but also in Nice where Romanian yoga practitioners had decided to go into spiritual retreat. The police forces were then brandishing semi-automatic rifles, shouting, making very loud noises, crashing doors and putting everything upside down.

Most of those Romanian yoga practitioners who were there had chosen to combine the pleasant with the useful in France: yoga and meditation in villas or apartments kindly and freely put at their disposal by their owners or tenants who were also mainly yoga practitioners of Romanian origin and at the same time to enjoy picturesque natural or other environments.

They were IT experts, engineers, designers, artists, medical doctors, psychologists, teachers, university and high school students, and so on.

Around 50 yoga practitioners of all ages were taken to police stations for interrogation, most of them being kept in custody for two days and sometimes more. In November 2024, I published in The European Times an article about the case titled “Police raids on Romanian yoga centers in France, one year later”.

The 28 November 2023 raids were not an operation against a terrorist or armed group or a drug cartel. They were raids targeting eight private places mainly used by peaceful Romanian yoga practitioners but the police suspected these places to be used under cover for illegal activities: trafficking in human beings, sexual exploitation and forcible confinement.This was the official charge against Gregorian Bivolaru and some others who were put in pretrial detention in France in the aftermath of the raids.

The arrest warrant against the Stoians channeled from Paris to Tbilisi through Interpol included the same charges although they were not in France at the time of the police raids or before, had never had any yoga activity in France and no yoga practitioner had filed a complaint against them. In the French media, they were repeatedly painted as criminals, without any evidence that journalists could have gathered by themselves, but who is Adina Stoian?

Family and social background of Adina Stoian

Adina Stoian was born on 12 June 1968 in Sibiu (Romania).

She grew up in Bucharest under the Communist rule of Ceaucescu but was baptized in the Orthodox Church.

Her mother was an accountant at the Ministry of Transport. Her father studied at the Bucharest Polytechnic University and made a military career.

In her studies, Adina followed in her father’s footsteps. In 1991 she graduated from the Polytechnic University with a degree in Transport Engineering. Afterwards, she worked for about two years in the Computer Centre of the Ministry of Transport in Romania before dedicating herself exclusively to spirituality, teaching yoga and trantra classes. She has a sister, Corina, who graduated in mathematics from the Bucharest University. Corina taught mathematics for some time and later on she started working in other fields while teaching yoga in her free time for the last ten years.

In 1990 Adina started attending classes and other events on spirituality and yoga, including lectures given by Gregorian Bivolaru, the founder and spiritual master of MISA  (Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute). She was impressed by his teachings.

For over 30 years, she was a yoga practitioner and also a teacher. She shared her knowledge about yoga and personal development through articles and books, courses, workshops, seminars, conferences and camps, both in Romania and elsewhere in Europe, as well as in Asia and South America. 

Adina and Mihai Stoian got married in a Romanian Orthodox Church in 2001 and moved to Denmark a year later. As yoga teachers, they worked for the Danish Yoga Natha Centre.

They both co-authored yoga and personal development programs based on the teachings of the traditional tantra yoga. The course is currently taught in many countries in the schools affiliated with Atman, the International Federation for Yoga and Meditation, officially registered in 2004 in the UK. Noteworthy is that Adina Stoian has never been part of the board of the Atman Federation. They also wrote together several books about the Mahavidya, a group of ten Hindu goddesses.

Adina Stoian also gave lectures on topics such as hormones, pre-menstrual syndrom, esoteric astrology, specifically for women.

She is opposed to her extradition to France, saying she was not involved in any yoga activity there and in any illegal activity as mentioned in the Interpol arrest warrant, had nothing to do with the massive police raids on yoga centers on 28 November 2023 which led to several arrests and pretrial detention cases, and no yoga practitioner had filed a complaint against her or her husband.

World News in Brief: Deadly China quake, Killings of Alawites in Syria, executions in Iran, CAR rights defenders, finance and food crises

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World News in Brief: Deadly China quake, Killings of Alawites in Syria, executions in Iran, CAR rights defenders, finance and food crises

At least 126 people were killed and 188 injured in the 7.1-magnitude quake in Dingri county, a remote region near Mount Everest, according to media reports.  Tremors were reportedly felt in Nepal, Bhutan and parts of northern India.

UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said the Secretary-General wishes a speedy recovery to those injured and expresses his sincere condolences to the families of the victims.

 The UN is closely monitoring the situation and stands ready to provide support if requested.

UN rights office urges restraint amid reported Alawite killings in Syria

The UN human rights office, OHCHR, has urged restraint in Syria, amid reports that some individuals from the country’s Alawite community and other minority groups have been targeted and killed.  

Speaking in Geneva, OHCHR spokesperson Liz Throssell said that the Office was aware of reports and videos allegedly showing the killing of Alawite men in Homs and other Syrian cities since the overthrow of the Assad regime, which had a decades-long affiliation with Alawism – a branch of Shia Islam:

“We are aware of the reports and obviously our colleagues are working to corroborate. We know that the authorities have issued a statement calling on all to avoid retaliation,” Ms. Throssell added.

International legal obligations

“I think what it is really important is that all parties abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and that includes the respect and protection of minorities.”

Taking questions from reporters, Ms. Throssell said that a small UN human rights office team has been deployed to Damascus which had established “initial contacts with the caretaker authorities” headed by Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham leader Ahmed al-Sharaa. 

His forces were principally responsible for the lightning assault that toppled former President Assad on 8 December.

Asked to respond to unconfirmed reports that women were being assaulted because they had been talking to or walking in the street with men who were not relatives, Ms. Throssell insisted that it was “important that the caretaker authorities must act to ensure that security is restored.

She said it was vital “that those accused of committing crimes are held accountable and that women, children and diverse ethnic and religious communities can fully exercise their rights.”

Iran in international spotlight amid sharp rise in executions: OHCHR 

The number of people executed last year in Iran was “alarmingly shocking and high”, the UN human rights office, OHCHR, said on Tuesday.

At least 901 people were reportedly executed there in 2024, including 40 in one week alone in December. More than 853 people were executed in 2023.

Condemning the executions, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, said that he was deeply troubled by this marked increase in use of the death penalty and urged a halt to the practice.

‘Unacceptable risk’

“We oppose the death penalty under all circumstances…It is incompatible with the fundamental right to life and raises the unacceptable risk of executing innocent people,” he added. 

Most of the executions last year were for drug-related offences, but dissidents and people connected to the 2022 protests after the death in police custody of Mahsa Amini, were also put to death. 

The UN rights office said that at least 31 women were reportedly executed in 2024; the majority of these cases involved murder and a significant number of the women sentenced to death were victims of domestic violence, child marriage or forced marriage, with “a number of them …convicted of murdering their husbands”, OHCHR said.

Although data is not provided by the Iranian authorities on executions, the UN rights office cited reliable sources indicating that Iran executed at least 972 people in 2015 – the highest number in recent decades.

© Unsplash/Mahyar Motebassem

An aerial view of Tehran, Iran’s capital city.

Central African Republic: ‘Historic legislation’ to protect rights defenders

The recent adoption of a law increasing protections for human rights defenders in the Central African Republic (CAR) has been welcomed by an independent expert on the human rights situation in the country. 

“This historic legislation marks a crucial stage in the recognition and protection of organisations and individuals who devote their lives to the defence of fundamental rights and the preservation of their operating space,” Yao Agbetse said in a statement on Tuesday.

The law was adopted by the National Assembly on 27 December, and it is believed to mark a significant development in the democratic evolution of the CAR, advancing the promotion, protection and implementation of human rights in the country. 

‘A step in the right direction’

Highlighting that the legislation is “a step in the right direction”, Mr. Agbetse added that it will safeguard freedom of expression, association, assembly and peaceful demonstration, and protect civic space.  

“It also recognises the contribution of civil society organisations to the country’s development and to the peace process”, the expert said.

The law provides for enhanced protection measures for human rights defenders, including security mechanisms, legal support and guarantees against reprisals. 

These provisions are key to ensure that defenders can continue their vital work without fear of persecution or violence, the independent expert explained. 

Mr. Agbetse said the law was a victory for all those who fight for justice and equality and are committed to a dynamic and participatory democracy.

Special Rapporteurs are not UN staff, do not receive a salary, and serve in their individual capacity, independent of the UN Secretariat or any other organisation.

Yao Agbetse, Independent Expert on the Central African Republic.

UN Photo/Jean Marc Ferré

Yao Agbetse, Independent Expert on the Central African Republic.

2024 financing report: Critical gaps exposed in food crisis funding 

The 2024 Financing Flows and Food Crises report from the Global Network Against Food Crises – which includes the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – reveals a troubling disconnection between financial flows and the escalating severity of global hunger.  

While 281 million people experienced acute food insecurity in 2023, humanitarian aid to food sectors declined by 30 per cent compared to 2022. That is despite a long-term trend in assistance which showed a 56 per cent increase since 2016. 

This funding gap is further pronounced in active crises, where humanitarian aid still overpowers development investments. 

Neglected food needs  

While 33 percent of global humanitarian funding targeted food sectors, only three per cent of development assistance was allocated to food-related needs. 

Regions like East Africa bore the brunt of funding reductions, with expenditure dropping by nearly $1.4 billion in 2023. The Middle East and North Africa region also experienced a sharp funding shortfall, with a $1 billion drop below its historical average.  

The report underscores the need for integrated interventions that address both immediate hunger and underlying weaknesses. Investments in agriculture, which supports sustainable livelihoods and resilience were highlighted as key.  

While agriculture has absorbed over 50 per cent of development funding since 2016, structural gaps persist, particularly in rural development and forestry initiatives. Strengthening data systems and improving donor coordination are highlighted as critical to bridging these funding gaps in the future.  

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First Person: Syrian refugee shipwreck survivor vows to help reconstruct shattered country

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First Person: Syrian refugee shipwreck survivor vows to help reconstruct shattered country

After the Syrian civil war broke out in 2011, Ms. Al Zamel and her family relocated to Egypt. She stayed there with her family for three years but the situation for refugees deteriorated and, in 2014, she and her Syrian fiancé paid smugglers to take them to Europe.

During the journey their boat was rammed by traffickers, causing 500 people to drown, including her fiancé. After four days at sea, she was saved by a merchant vessel, along with two small children she had been holding the whole time (one of them, a nine-month old called Malak, died five hours after they were rescued).

UNICEF/Ashley Gilbertson VII

Many migrants lose their lives crossing the Mediterranean sea in unseaworthy boats (file)

Speaking to UN News, Ms. Al Zamel, currently based in Sweden, recounts the perilous journey from Egypt to Europe and reflects on the ongoing struggle for peace, safety and a better future for Syria, post-Assad.

‘How can they kill 500 people?’

“We made three attempts to leave Egypt by sea. The first two times we failed and, each time, we were imprisoned for 10 days. On the third try, we left from the coast of Alexandria.

The last boat we boarded was in very bad conditions [the migrants were transferred several times to different boats during the journey]. Another ship arrived, with people who looked like pirates, cursing and insulting us. They sank our boat and fled laughing.

To this day, the sound of their laughter is still in my ears, and I can’t forget it. Most of those on board drowned. How could they kill 500 people, including children, women, families and young people?

I had a small flotation device around my waist, and I was afraid because I couldn’t swim. I carried two small girls on my chest for four days. Their family members gave them to me before they drowned. I had to stay awake, without food or water. It was cold and dead bodies were around me. The only light I could see was the stars in the sky. Pain and death surrounded me everywhere.

A lack of options

After I was saved and taken to Europe, I heard that many people, including some who were close to me, wanted to make the same trip. I didn’t agree with this, but I understood their reasons. They are forced to do so because there are no other options.

I had to go through this dangerous journey for my family. I wanted them to live in better and safer conditions. I wanted my younger siblings to study and live safely away from the difficult conditions we experienced in Egypt, where life was difficult, and we did not have many opportunities.

A family gathers at a reception centre in Ar-Raqqa city, Syria.

© UNICEF/Muhannad Aldhaher

A family gathers at a reception centre in Ar-Raqqa city, Syria.

We were able to learn Swedish and I am now studying English. I worked as a teacher’s assistant for six years and my little brother is now about to start his university studies. I have had some very good experiences and worked with good people who love Syrians.

Currently, I participate in conferences with several organizations affiliated with universities, schools or volunteer agencies. I talk about self-motivation and how one must overcome difficulties after going through a difficult ordeal. I talk about Syrian refugees and refugees’ rights.

‘Syrians deserve to live in safety and achieve their dreams’

When I heard the news [of Assad’s fall] it was like a dream for me and the many Syrians who have suffered. I cried my heart out. It was an indescribable feeling, something like a dream.

More than a decade of war has led to widespread destruction across Syria.

© UNOCHA/Ali Haj Suleiman

More than a decade of war has led to widespread destruction across Syria.

I want to speak out about the pain and voices of mothers who lost their children because of Bashar al-Assad’s tyranny. After the liberation, it is necessary to imagine a future full of opportunities, positive changes, peace and security because all Syrians deserve to live in freedom.

Syria needs a lot of help to rebuild and erase the destruction. Whether I remain here, in Sweden, or return, I want to contribute to its reconstruction so that we can all have peace and security.

Syrians deserve to live in safety and achieve their dreams. We all can contribute in some way, to support the community, participate in development projects and raise awareness.”

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First Person: Gaza, where starving people are trapped in a land reduced to rubble

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First Person: Gaza, where starving people are trapped in a land reduced to rubble

Since the fierce bombardment of Gaza by Israel began in October 2023, in response to a deadly Hamas attack on the country, over 45,000 Palestinians have been killed, and over 100,000 injured.

The vast majority of Gazans, around 90 per cent, are internally displaced, forced to relocate several times to avoid airstrikes and fighting. Meanwhile, they struggle to find food or shelter: hundreds of thousands of homes have been destroyed, and 345,000 people are facing catastrophic levels of food insecurity.

Mr. Dumont shared his vivid reflections on the dire situation in Gaza shortly after his return from a mission to the Occupied Palestinian Territory:

“‘I need food, man’, Abdul Rahmen told me. We were in the southwestern Gazan city of Khan Younis, where men ladled out steaming rice into bowls thrust out by a desperate crowd. One boy was crying, afraid the food, supplied by the World Food Programme (WFP), would run out before his turn.

‘I was ambitious. I had dreams’, Rahmen said, describing expectations as shattered as the buildings around us. ‘But I need food. I can’t buy bread’.

I had arrived in Gaza the day before, making a 10-hour journey from Amman on a bus packed with humanitarian workers. Some of that time was spent waiting at Israel’s Kerem Shalom border crossing into the strip – one of the few available avenues to deliver life-saving humanitarian aid. The 10-day visit, in early December 2024, was my first since before the war broke out nearly 15 months ago.

WFP’s Jonathan Dumont in Gaza, where delivering humanitarian aid is fraught with challenges.

A massive backlog of urgently needed supplies – including boxes of medicine, food and other aid – awaited clearance there, and for the few available trucks and authorized drivers able to navigate destroyed roads, desperate crowds and armed gangs to deliver them.

The size of the US city of Detroit, Gaza today is a mountain of rubble. I’ve gone to many conflict zones this past year – gang-ravaged Haiti, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan’s war-torn capital Khartoum – but Gaza is on a different scale. On one side, waves stroke a Mediterranean beachfront, an illusion of serenity. On the other lies endless destruction, black smoke rising from smouldering buildings.

There’s another difference from many war zones: there’s no way for Gazans to escape the conflict. They are trapped.

And hunger is skyrocketing. More than 90 percent of the population faces “crisis” or worse levels of food insecurity, according to the latest expert findings. More than 300,000 people are likely experiencing catastrophic hunger – the highest level of food insecurity.

A small boy scoops up the last rice grains in his bowl. Hunger is soaring in Gaza and the WFP food allowed to enter is limited.

A small boy scoops up the last rice grains in his bowl. Hunger is soaring in Gaza and the WFP food allowed to enter is limited.

‘People are hungry and angry’

The WFP food allowed to enter the strip can only meet one-third of what we need to reach the hungriest people. Over the months, we’ve been forced to cut rations, and then cut again. In December, we planned to reach 1.1 million people with just 10 days’ worth of food, which includes canned goods, tomato paste, oil and wheat flour.

Besieged North Gaza is the hungriest place. Over the past two months, barely any supplies have been allowed to trickle in.

‘Bread is the most important food for people nowadays, because it’s so cheap,’ baker Ghattas Hakoura told me at a WFP-supported commercial bakery in Gaza City, in the northern part of the strip. Men and women were picking up loaves of pita, costing three shekels, or less than US$1 per packet, in separate, tightly controlled lines.

‘People are hungry and they’re angry,’ Hakoura added. ‘They’ve lost their homes, their jobs, their families. There is no meat, no vegetables – and if we do have vegetables, they are very expensive’.

Nabil Azab (right) stands near the greens his family is tending. Behind are the remains of the apartment building his family still lives in despite the danger.

Nabil Azab (right) stands near the greens his family is tending. Behind are the remains of the apartment building his family still lives in despite the danger.

A 25-kg bag of wheat flour can sell for US$150. In an enclave where farmers once harvested citrus, vegetables and strawberries, I saw small peppers selling at a Gaza City market for US$195 a kilo. Nobody was buying. Nobody could afford them.

Ibrahim al-Balawi, cradling his small daughter, told me she’d never drunk a glass of milk in her life. She’d known nothing but war.

That’s a worry for so many parents in Gaza, a place where you hear the sound of drones and explosions 24/7, coming from the air, land and sea.

‘I want my kids’ future to be similar to any other kid living in any Arab country,’ Hind Hassouna, a mother of four, told me in Khan Younis, after our food distribution there. ‘To live a decent life, wear decent clothes, eat decent food and have a good life. The most important thing is to be free from fear – just like any kid in any Arab country’.

Khan Younis, like many parts of Gaza, has few remaining buildings taller than four stories.

Khan Younis, like many parts of Gaza, has few remaining buildings taller than four stories.

Dead bodies decomposing in the sun

Today, Hassouna’s children walk 1.5 km each way to fetch water. As she spoke in her tent home – which could easily be toppled by wind or flooded by winter rains – they spooned up their small portions of WFP rice. It was possibly their only meal of the day. One little boy slowly cleaned his plate of every last grain, a small smile on his face.

Children are experiencing the worst of the war. As we drove to the food distribution at Khan Younis, I spotted a dead horse amid the rubble. Nearby, a little girl picked through the trash, looking for food.

Later, driving to Gaza City in our armoured vehicle, along the militarized Netzarim corridor dividing the enclave’s north and south, we saw dead bodies scattered to the left and right, decomposing in the sun. A few hundred metres later, a small group of women and children headed in that direction, carrying their belongings. They looked hot and tired.

How will such experiences affect Gaza’s children when they grow up? What will happen to their generation?

Abu Bilal shows his precarious shelter, built under two concrete slabs from his former apartment building.

Abu Bilal shows his precarious shelter, built under two concrete slabs from his former apartment building.

Amid the devastation, Gazans are embracing any semblance of life they can create. In Khan Younis, Abu Bilal dug out his destroyed home and used the rubble to rebuild the walls. Cement slabs from what had been a multistorey apartment building formed a tenuous lean-to. He showed me around his place, complete with a basic toilet and makeshift plastic sink.

‘Dangerous’, he said of his shelter, which could easily collapse during a storm or airstrike.

In what had been a densely populated neighbourhood, Nabil Azab also showed me around the remains of his home. A former taxi driver, he pointed out the twisted carcass of the vehicle that once earned him his livelihood. Like many Gazan families, his has been displaced multiple times, moving from one tent settlement to another.

When an airstrike hit his tent in the southern city of Rafah – injuring him and other family members – that was enough. They, too, cleared out the debris from their partially destroyed home in Khan Younis and moved back in. Their four-storey building, among the few still standing in the area, leans precariously atop a sandy ridge. In the ground below, the family grows lettuce and other greens to help survive. But it’s not enough.

‘I look at my little daughter as she cries asking for food and I feel helpless,’ Azab told me. ‘There’s nothing that I can do for her. Nothing at all.’”

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Al Jazeera ban must be lifted, rights experts urge Palestinian Authority

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Al Jazeera ban must be lifted, rights experts urge Palestinian Authority

The development comes one week after a court in Ramallah in the occupied West Bank ordered the closure of several Al Jazeera websites. A Palestinian Authority ministerial committee had earlier justified the enforced closure of the media company’s office in the West Bank, accusing it of broadcasting “inciting” material, “misinformation, sedition and interference in Palestinian internal affairs”.

“To shut down a prominent international media outlet and one of the biggest in the region is a disproportionate, unnecessary and severe restriction of freedom of expression and obstructs the right to information of the Palestinian people and regional and global audiences,” the experts said in a statement.

“We are deeply alarmed by this attack on freedom of expression by the Palestinian Authority,” they insisted.

Websites ordered to close

On 1 January 2025, the Palestinian Attorney-General ordered the suspension of Al Jazeera in the Occupied Palestinian territory. The decision prohibits Al Jazeera’s broadcasts and operations including the work of its affiliate journalists, employees and crews.

The suspension followed a letter from the Palestinian Minister of Culture, based on a decision issued by the Tripartite Committee – a specialized ministerial committee that includes the ministries of culture, interior and communications – responsible for licensing ground and satellite radio and television stations.

On 5 January the Magistrate Court of Ramallah ordered the closure of several Al Jazeera websites for four months, including aljazeera.net, aljazeera.net/live, aljazeera360.com and global.ajplus.net on grounds that their published material “threaten national security and incite the commission of crimes”.

“We note with serious concern that the decision by the Palestinian Authority to ban Al Jazeera came after the outlet’s critical reporting on the violent crackdown by Palestinian security forces since 5 December 2024 in the Jenin Refugee Camp and across the occupied West Bank. At least eight Palestinians were killed in the violence, including a young female journalist,” the experts said. 

“The decision to ban Al Jazeera on the basis of vague and unsubstantiated allegations amidst escalating violence and human rights violations suggests that the real objective of the Palestinian Authority is to block international scrutiny and silence uncomfortable criticism,” they maintained.

Free and independent

“Free and independent media, including the presence of international media, is of vital importance to ensure transparency and accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.”

In Gaza, Israel has banned all international journalists from reporting inside the enclave since the outbreak of the war in October 2023. Dozens of Palestinian journalists have been killed by Israeli forces while covering the conflict, according to international media organisations, including UN culture agency, UNESCO.

The experts – who are not UN staff and not paid for their work, urged the Palestinian Authority not to follow the example of the Israeli authorities which banned Al Jazeera in Israel and the Occupied [Palestinian] Territory and closed its office in Ramallah last year.

“Without independent reporting, potential human rights abuses and violations of international law may go unreported, creating an environment where impunity thrives,” the experts said.

The experts have raised their concerns about restrictions on freedom of expression and on journalists with the Israeli and Palestinian authorities.            

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Lebanon: Appeal for $371.4 million to boost life-saving support

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Lebanon: Appeal for $371.4 million to boost life-saving support

Announced at the Grand Serail in Beirut by Deputy Prime Minister Saade el-Shami and UN Humanitarian Coordinator Imran Riza, the appeal extends emergency efforts through March 2025.

It builds on the original Flash Appeal launched in October 2024, following the largest escalation of conflict since the 2006 Lebanon War.

This extension targets immediate relief for the most vulnerable populations – Lebanese citizens, Syrian and Palestinian refugees and migrants – while complementing the Lebanon Response Plan (LRP), which serves as the overarching framework for humanitarian and stabilisation efforts.

Key priorities include food assistance, winterization support, emergency repairs and civilian protection, alongside addressing gaps in healthcare, water and education infrastructure.

A devastating conflict

Despite the severe crises the country has endured over the past 15 years, Mr. Riza described 2024 as one of Lebanon’s darkest years, marked by widespread devastation.

The conflict, which began in October 2023 and intensified over a devastating six-week period from late September to early November 2024, caused over 4,000 deaths, 16,000 injuries and displaced more than one million people.

The destruction of homes, critical infrastructure and essential services further deepened the suffering of those affected.

A month onwards

Despite the cessation of hostilities, over 125,000 people remain displaced and hundreds of thousands attempting to return to their homes are “grieving, struggling and searching for a path forward”, Mr. Riza described.

The Minister of Environment and Coordinator of the Government Emergency Committee, Nasser Yassin explained: “While additional humanitarian assistance is essential, Lebanon’s institutions and public sector also require significant support to prevent the collapse of basic and social services.”

“Similarly, municipalities and local authorities urgently need emergency funding to maintain their operations, given their frontline role and the heavy burden they bear as a result of the war,” he added.

Beyond physical destruction, the psychological impact of the war remains deep, with many people – especially children – suffering from trauma that may persist for years.

The next steps

Mr. Riza called for continued international support to help the country through the winter months and begin recovery. 

Alongside the UN, the Lebanese Government remains committed to leading a coordinated, transparent and accountable response.

Deputy Prime Minister Saade el-Shami explained: “Our aim is to focus together on bridging immediate humanitarian needs with long-term recovery planning, in the most efficient and transparent way.”

Meanwhile, children’s agency UNICEF is providing food and essential items to vulnerable families returning from Syria and facing severe difficulties.

“This is part of several distributions we’re doing in several locations in collaboration with a number of partners such as the Lebanese Red Cross,” said Akhil Iyer, UNICEF Representative in Lebanon.

Sustained funding and resources are essential to stabilise the situation, deliver aid to those in need and enable Lebanon’s recovery from one of the darkest chapters in its modern history. 

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